Provided is a pretreatment method for directly seeding an in vitro microtuber in an open field including: sterilizing a washed in vitro microtuber with chlorine dioxide and drying the sterilized in vitro microtuber; irradiating the dried in vitro microtuber with light and greening the dried in vitro microtuber; putting the greened in vitro microtuber in a storage container and storing the greened in vitro microtuber in a temperature range of 2 to 4 C.; and germinating the in vitro microtuber. The in vitro microtuber can quickly adapt to environment when directly seeded on a field, an early-stage management of the in vitro microtuber is facilitated, and physiological functions thereof such as vitamin synthesis is activated.

A method for producing galanthamine using a plant, includes (a) performing a thermal treatment on a living plant to induce accumulation of galanthamine therein, wherein the living plant is a plant belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae; and (b) placing the living plant in a medium and performing an electrical stimulation treatment on the living plant to release the galanthamine from the living plant to the medium.

An apparatus for obtaining energy from a polychromatic energy source that emits radiation in a first and a second wavelength band comprises a reflector or an energy receiver having an aperture therein; and a holographic lens that diffracts and focuses the radiation within the first wavelength band from the energy source through said aperture towards a first energy receiver, and transmits the radiation within the second wavelength band from the energy source to the reflector or energy receiver. If a reflector is used, the reflector reflects the radiation transmitted by the holographic lens towards a second energy receiver.

An apparatus for obtaining energy from a polychromatic energy source that emits radiation in a first and a second wavelength band comprises a reflector or an energy receiver having an aperture therein; and a holographic lens that diffracts and focuses the radiation within the first wavelength band from the energy source through said aperture towards a first energy receiver, and transmits the radiation within the second wavelength band from the energy source to the reflector or energy receiver. If a reflector is used, the reflector reflects the radiation transmitted by the holographic lens towards a second energy receiver.

A method of producing cannabinoids for use in medical treatments by growing cultured Cannabis sativa plant cells through tissue culture, the method comprising the steps of: selecting Cannabis sativa leaf tissue for culture; and growing a tissue culture from the selected leaf tissue in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. Control of the light exposure can enable the phytocannabinoid content of the grown tissue culture to be tailored to the use intended for the tissue culture. For example, the THC content of the tissue culture can be controlled to be maximised or minimised depending on the intended use. Use of tissue culture is beneficial as compared to prior art methods as it allows for genetic consistency and reduces the resources necessary to produce plant cells containing phytocannabinoids.

A method of producing cannabinoids for use in medical treatments by growing cultured Cannabis sativa plant cells through tissue culture, the method comprising the steps of: selecting Cannabis sativa leaf tissue for culture; and growing a tissue culture from the selected leaf tissue in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. Control of the light exposure can enable the phytocannabinoid content of the grown tissue culture to be tailored to the use intended for the tissue culture. For example, the THC content of the tissue culture can be controlled to be maximised or minimised depending on the intended use. Use of tissue culture is beneficial as compared to prior art methods as it allows for genetic consistency and reduces the resources necessary to produce plant cells containing phytocannabinoids.

Disclosed is a method for determining conditions for cultivating a plant body expressing a protein of interest or a peptide of interest in a 24-hour cycle in which a dark period and a light period are repeated alternately, including: a step of determining an optimum leaf temperature based on a capability to express a protein of interest or a peptide of interest; and a step of setting light and dark period leaf temperatures and light and dark period time lengths after a plant body is infected with a bacterium or a virus having a polynucleotide encoding the protein of interest or the peptide of interest so as to satisfy the following formula, the following formula being: Dark period leaf temperature ( C.)Dark period time length (hour)+Light period leaf temperature ( C.)Light period time length (hour)=Optimum leaf temperature ( C.)24 (hour)24.

Disclosed is a method for determining conditions for cultivating a plant body expressing a protein of interest or a peptide of interest in a 24-hour cycle in which a dark period and a light period are repeated alternately, including: a step of determining an optimum leaf temperature based on a capability to express a protein of interest or a peptide of interest; and a step of setting light and dark period leaf temperatures and light and dark period time lengths after a plant body is infected with a bacterium or a virus having a polynucleotide encoding the protein of interest or the peptide of interest so as to satisfy the following formula, the following formula being: Dark period leaf temperature ( C.)Dark period time length (hour)+Light period leaf temperature ( C.)Light period time length (hour)=Optimum leaf temperature ( C.)24 (hour)24.

A method of producing cannabinoids for use in medical treatments by growing cultured Cannabis sativa plant cells through tissue culture, the method comprising the steps of: selecting Cannabis sativa leaf tissue for culture; and growing a tissue culture from the selected leaf tissue in a liquid based medium whilst controlling the light exposure of the tissue culture to control the cannabinoid content of the tissue culture. Control of the light exposure can enable the phytocannabinoid content of the grown tissue culture to be tailored to the use intended for the tissue culture. For example, the THC content of the tissue culture can be controlled to be maximised or minimised depending on the intended use. Use of tissue culture is beneficial as compared to prior art methods as it allows for genetic consistency and reduces the resources necessary to produce plant cells containing phytocannabinoids.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to increasing the proportion of omega-3 fatty acid in seed oil produced by a plurality of Brassica plants, such as canola, transgenically modified to produce seed oil comprising at least one of EPA, DHA and DPA. Transgenic Brassica plants, such as transgenic canola, are subjected to an environment which has an average daily day-night temperature difference of at least 13? C. during the transgenic plant's period of seed maturation. The seed oil is at least 5 wt % EPA. The seed oil is at least 1 wt % DPA. The seed oil is at least 0.2 wt % DHA. The seed oil is at least 5.2 wt % a mixture of EPA and DHA. The seed oil is at least 6 wt % long chain omega-3 fatty acids.