The present invention relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, combined preparations, and dosage regimens for treating, inhibiting the progression, and preventing cardiovascular calcification, and in particular, coronary calcification, aortic artery calcification, and aortic valve calcification comprising inositol phosphates. In a particular aspect the disclosure provides a dosage regimen for treating, inhibiting the progression, or preventing cardiovascular calcification comprising the administration of about 200 mg to about 700 mg of myo-inositol hexaphosphate per administration.

Provided is a low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosarninoglycan, with the constituent units thereof being a glucuronic acid group, an N-acetaminogalactose group and a fucose group, and a sulfate ester group or acetyl ester group thereof. Glucuronic acid and N-acetaminogalactose are interconnected via β(1-3) and β(1-4) glucosidic bonds to form a backbone of a disaccharide repeating structural unit, and a fucose group is connected to the backbone as a side chain. On a molar ratio basis, the ratio of the glucuronic acid group:the N-acetaminogalactose group:the fucose group is 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.6-1.2). In the structure of the low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosaminoglycan, 10-30% of glucuronic acid groups are modified, on the 2-position, with a sulfate ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl groups; and a proportion of 10-30% of fucose groups is modified, on the 2-position, with an acetyl ester group, and the rest are hydroxyl or sulfate ester groups. The low-molecular-weight holothurian glycosarninoglycan of the present invention has anti-inflammation, anti-vasculopathy, anti-tumor or anti-tumor-metastasis functions, and the effect of improving learning and memory abilities, and can be used for preparing a related drug or health-care product.

The present invention relates to derivatives of formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein Ring A, X, Y, Z, R.sup.A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as described in the description, to their preparation, to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to their use as pharmaceuticals, to pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more compounds of formula (I), and especially to their use as C5a receptor modulators.

The present invention relates to a crystalline form of compound 3-((L-valyl)amino)-3,3-dideuterium-1-propanesulfonic acid, preparation method and uses thereof.

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, Compounds of Formulae IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB and IIC or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that are modulators of the C5a receptor. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use including the treatment of diseases or disorders involving pathologic activation from C5a and non-pharmaceutical applications. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, Compounds of Formulae IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB and IIC or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that are modulators of the C5a receptor. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use including the treatment of diseases or disorders involving pathologic activation from C5a and non-pharmaceutical applications. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

The invention provides genetic constructs and recombinant vectors comprising such constructs. The constructs and vectors can be used in gene therapy methods for treating a range of disorders, including glaucoma and deafness, or for promoting nerve regeneration and/or survival.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desaturase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

In one aspect, compounds of Formulae (I) and (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are featured: Formulae (I) and (II), wherein the variables shown in Formulae (I) and (II) can be as defined anywhere herein. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides compounds and compositions containing reduced nicotinamide riboside for use in methods of prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disease and/or conditions. In one embodiment of the invention, said compounds and compositions of the invention maintain or improve cardiovascular tissue and cellular function. In another embodiment of the invention, said compounds and compositions of the invention enhance cardiovascular recovery after injury or surgery.