Provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition for treating, preventing or ameliorating a bone or cartilage condition and methods of making and using the same.

A solid oral pharmaceutical composition in the form of at least one tablet, the tablet consisting of a core including at least one bicarbonate salt as active ingredient and at least one prolonged-release matrix, and of a coating including at least one coating agent, the composition allowing continuous release in vivo over a period from after a quarter of an hour and up to twelve hours after taking a single dose, for use thereof as a medicament, in particular in the treatment and/or prevention of urinary lithiasis and related diseases, occurring at a physiological pH and/or during urinary acidosis and/or during hypobicarbonataemia and/or during hypocitraturia and/or during hypercalciuria and/or during hyperoxaluria.

The present invention refers to the use of theobromine or its derivatives as an inhibitor of the crystallisation of uric acid to avoid the formation of uric acid crystals in urine and as a consequence renal lithiasis or specifically uric acid renal lithiasis.

A compound having an URAT1 inhibitory activity, and an URAT1 inhibitor, a blood uric acid level-reducing agent and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound. More specifically, a compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is -Q.sup.1-A.sup.1 or the like; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or the like; W.sup.1, W.sup.2, W.sup.3 and W.sup.4 are each independently a nitrogen atom or a methine group optionally having substituents, or the like; X and Y are each a single bond, an oxygen atom or the like; Z is a hydroxyl group or COOR.sup.3 or the like.

The present invention is related to a composition comprising phytic acid or a phytate salt, magnesium in the form of salt, hydroxide or oxide and optionally at least one polyphenol. These components may be in isolated form or be part of an enriched plant extract. The invention is also related to the use of this composition for the treatment of renal lithiasis, preferably calcium or calcium oxalate lithiasis, either in the form of a medicament, a nutraceutical or functional food or food supplement.

(Aza)indolizine derivatives represented by Formula (I) having xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities and useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with abnormality of serum uric acid level, prodrugs thereof, salts thereof or the like. In Formula (I), 0 to 2 of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are a nitrogen atom and the others are CR.sup.1; one of T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 represents cyano and the other represents a group represented by Formula (A), with the proviso that when T.sup.1 is cyano, at least one of X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 is a nitrogen atom; R.sup.1 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or the like; ring U represents a benzene ring or the like; m represents integral number from 0 to 2; R.sup.2 independently represents a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or the like. ##STR00001##

A solid oral pharmaceutical composition in the form of tablets including:a first solid oral pharmaceutical formulation in the form of at least one micro-tablet, the micro-tablet consisting of a core including at least one Krebs cycle precursor salt as active ingredient, and of a coating including at least one coating agent, anda second oral pharmaceutical formulation in the form of at least one mini-tablet, the mini-tablet consisting of a core including at least one bicarbonate salt as active ingredient and at least one prolonged-release matrix, and of a coating including at least one coating agent. The use thereof as a medicament, in particular in the treatment and/or prevention of cystinuria.

Cycloalkyl acid derivatives, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical application thereof are described. In particular, a cycloalkyl acid derivative represented by general formula (I) and a medical salt thereof, a preparation method thereof, and an application of the cycloalkyl acid derivative and the medical salt thereof as URAT1 inhibitors, and particularly as therapeutic agents for diseases related to an abnormal uric acid level are described, wherein definitions of substituent groups in general formula (I) are the same as the definitions in the specification. ##STR00001##

The present invention is related to the use of a separate, sequential or simultaneous combination of at least one urinary acidifier with at least one calcium phosphate crystallization inhibitor for urine acidification, and thus preventing the pH at which supersaturation of calcium phosphate is produced and consequently, renal lithiasis.

Provided are a compound expressed by formula (I) or a pharmacologically permissible salt thereof, as well as a drug or drug composition that contains this compound as an active ingredient, having a xanthine oxidase inhibiting effect that is very useful for treating or preventing diseases that are contributed to by xanthine oxidase, such as gout, hyperuricemia, tumor lysis syndrome, urinary tract stones, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease such as heart failure and arterial sclerosis, renal disease such as diabetic near opacity and the like, respiratory disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the like, autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, and the like. [In the formula, A, X, Y, Z, R, and R.sup.1 have the meaning set forth in claim 1]. ##STR00001##