The present invention relates to obeticholic acid:

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or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or amino acid conjugate thereof. Obeticholic acid is useful for the treatment or prevention of a FXR mediated disease or condition, cardiovascular disease or cholestatic liver disease, and for reducing HDL cholesterol, for lowering triglycerides in a mammal, or for inhibition of fibrosis. The present invention also relates to processes for the synthesis of obeticholic acid.

A capsule containing total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium, a method for preparing the same and a use of the capsule containing total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium are provided. Specifically, the capsule includes total flavonoids of Desmodium Styracifolium provided in a form of alcohol extract of Desmodium Styracifolium and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The present invention provides S-methyl-L-ergothioneine for use in diagnosis and/or prognosis. The invention also provides a method for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of a renal disease comprising the step of determining the amount of S-methyl-L-ergothioneine in an isolated test sample of a subject, and methods for deciding or recommending whether to initiate a therapeutic intervention or for determining the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention. It is also herein provided ergothioneine for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a renal lithiasis or an aminoaciduria, and ergothioneine for use in combination therapy.

The present invention provides S-methyl-L-ergothioneine for use in diagnosis and/or prognosis. The invention also provides a method for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of a renal disease comprising the step of determining the amount of S-methyl-L-ergothioneine in an isolated test sample of a subject, and methods for deciding or recommending whether to initiate a therapeutic intervention or for determining the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention. It is also herein provided ergothioneine for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a renal lithiasis or an aminoaciduria, and ergothioneine for use in combination therapy.

Described herein are methods and compositions for—inter alia—lowering the specific gravity of urine and lowering the calcium oxalate risk index of in felines. In particular, diets and methods utilizing certain amounts and ratios of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

The present invention is related to the use of a separate, sequential or simultaneous combination of at least one urinary acidifier with at least one calcium phosphate crystallization inhibitor for urine acidification, and thus preventing the pH at which supersaturation of calcium phosphate is produced and consequently, renal lithiasis.

The present invention relates to obeticholic acid:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or amino acid conjugate thereof. Obeticholic acid is useful for the treatment or prevention of a FXR mediated disease or condition, cardiovascular disease or cholestatic liver disease, and for reducing HDL cholesterol, for lowering triglycerides in a mammal, or for inhibition of fibrosis. The present invention also relates to processes for the synthesis of obeticholic acid.

The present invention relates to furazidin for vaginal use in the treatment of a bacterial vaginal infection. Preferably, the bacterial vaginal infection is caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and/or Atopobium vaginae bacteria.

Provided herein are compounds, salts, crystalline forms, and pharmaceutical compositions that are related to thiobutyrate compounds, such as Compound (1) and its salts (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium salt), as well as methods of preparing the same. Also provided herein are methods of using the compounds, salts, crystalline forms, and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of diseases or disorders, such as gout and hyperuricemia.

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition according to the claim 1 comprising an SGLT2 inhibitor and an insulin which is suitable in the treatment or prevention of one or more conditions selected from type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia. In addition the present invention relates to methods for preventing or treating of metabolic disorders and related conditions