The present invention provides methods, compositions, devices, and kits for treating cystinuria or related disorders, in which tiopronin is administered to a patient according to a modified-release strategy that releases tiopronin in critically-spaced, repeated pulses over time, to provide lower peak plasma levels but consistently higher urine levels of the drug for binding cystine. In particular, use of the present modified-release formulations and systems reduce side effects of tiopronin, thereby increasing patient compliance and quality of life, as well as achieving efficacy with less frequent administrations and/or lower total dosages.

The present invention provides methods, compositions, devices, and kits for treating cystinuria or related disorders, in which tiopronin is administered to a patient according to a modified-release strategy that releases tiopronin in critically-spaced, repeated pulses over time, to provide lower peak plasma levels but consistently higher urine levels of the drug for binding cystine. In particular, use of the present modified-release formulations and systems reduce side effects of tiopronin, thereby increasing patient compliance and quality of life, as well as achieving efficacy with less frequent administrations and/or lower total dosages.

The present disclosure provides phospholipid-containing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and microspheres that exhibit high affinity for mineralized metals. The present disclosure also provides strategies for using said compounds, compositions and microspheres in the treatment of nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, and methods of manufacturing and preparing said compounds and compositions.

The present disclosure provides phospholipid-containing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and microspheres that exhibit high affinity for mineralized metals. The present disclosure also provides strategies for using said compounds, compositions and microspheres in the treatment of nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, and methods of manufacturing and preparing said compounds and compositions.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein: -n is 1 or 2; Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3, identical or different, are selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl group; and R is an optionally substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl group by one or more substituents chosen from a hydroxyl, an oxo and a thiol group; or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts; for use to decrease urinary oxalate concentration in an individual. The present invention further relates to a compound of formula (I) for use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases and/or conditions related to a high urinary oxalate concentration in an individual.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein: -n is 1 or 2; Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3, identical or different, are selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and a (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl group; and R is an optionally substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl group by one or more substituents chosen from a hydroxyl, an oxo and a thiol group; or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts; for use to decrease urinary oxalate concentration in an individual. The present invention further relates to a compound of formula (I) for use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases and/or conditions related to a high urinary oxalate concentration in an individual.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to the use of a compound having the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for treating or preventing nephrolithiasis in patients. The invention further relates to an assay to identify patients likely to benefit from administration of a compound of Formula (I). The invention also relates to an assay to identify putative anti-lithogenic agents.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to the use of a compound having the structure of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for treating or preventing nephrolithiasis in patients. The invention further relates to an assay to identify patients likely to benefit from administration of a compound of Formula (I). The invention also relates to an assay to identify putative anti-lithogenic agents.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides phospholipid-containing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and microspheres that exhibit high affinity for mineralized metals. The present disclosure also provides strategies for using said compounds, compositions and microspheres in the treatment of nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, and methods of manufacturing and preparing said compounds and compositions.

The present disclosure provides phospholipid-containing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and microspheres that exhibit high affinity for mineralized metals. The present disclosure also provides strategies for using said compounds, compositions and microspheres in the treatment of nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, and methods of manufacturing and preparing said compounds and compositions.