Compounds and methods for treating diseases mediated by a P2X.sub.3 and/or a P2X.sub.2/3 receptor antagonist, the methods comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof,
wherein D, X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as defined herein.

Compounds and methods for treating diseases mediated by a P2X.sub.3 and/or a P2X.sub.2/3 receptor antagonist, the methods comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein X is O, D, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as defined herein.

The present invention provides a method and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the NDO comprising the viral expression vector carrying a transcription cassette that harbors transgene(s) inhibiting/silencing neurotransmission or synaptic transmission of afferent neurons.

The present invention provides a method and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the NDO comprising the viral expression vector carrying a transcription cassette that harbors transgene(s) inhibiting/silencing neurotransmission or synaptic transmission of afferent neurons.

Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the intranasal system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the intranasal system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the intranasal system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the intranasal system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including neurological disorders, nasal or sinus disorders, and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

The present invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treating bladder disorders or conditions, in which botulinum toxin is topically administered to the mucosal inner lining or urothelium of the bladder, of a subject in need thereof, for transmucosal delivery across the urothelium to surrounding bladder wall musculature and/or neuronal tissue. Rather than requiring injection, the toxin instead may be administered by instillation in solution via the urethra. In particular, the botulinum toxin is administered in conjunction with a positively charged or lipophilic carrier comprising a positively charged polymeric backbone or a hydrophobic backbone with covalently attached groups that enhance transmucosal transport across the urothelium and may also stabilize the botulinum toxin in aqueous formulations.

The present invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treating bladder disorders or conditions, in which botulinum toxin is topically administered to the mucosal inner lining or urothelium of the bladder, of a subject in need thereof, for transmucosal delivery across the urothelium to surrounding bladder wall musculature and/or neuronal tissue. Rather than requiring injection, the toxin instead may be administered by instillation in solution via the urethra. In particular, the botulinum toxin is administered in conjunction with a positively charged or lipophilic carrier comprising a positively charged polymeric backbone or a hydrophobic backbone with covalently attached groups that enhance transmucosal transport across the urothelium and may also stabilize the botulinum toxin in aqueous formulations.

The present invention provides a method and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the NDO comprising the viral expression vector carrying a transcription cassette that harbors transgene(s) inhibiting/silencing neurotransmission or synaptic transmission of afferent neurons.

The present invention provides a method and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the NDO comprising the viral expression vector carrying a transcription cassette that harbors transgene(s) inhibiting/silencing neurotransmission or synaptic transmission of afferent neurons.

The present invention provides a method and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the NDO comprising the viral expression vector carrying a transcription cassette that harbors transgene(s) inhibiting/silencing neurotransmission or synaptic transmission of afferent neurons.