This invention provides compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein a, b, c, d, m, n, p, s, t, W, Ar.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders.

Provided is a method for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic bronchitis, or inhibiting bronchospasm, which method comprises use of a powder inhaler to administer to a human patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a powder inhalant, wherein the powder inhalant comprises 3(R)-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-(3-phenoxypropy1)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide.

The present invention relates to a novel protcolytically active polypeptide and various uses of the polypeptide (and others) in screening and manufacturing methods.

Compositions of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a calcium channel antagonist in a liquid carrier. The composition may be administered the the urinary tract during urological diagnostic, interventional, surgical and other medical procedures. One disclosed composition comprises ketoprofen and nifedipine in a liquid irrigation carrier, and includes a solubilizing agent, stabilizing agents and a buffering agent.

The present invention provides a method and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the NDO comprising the viral expression vector carrying a transcription cassette that harbors transgene(s) inhibiting/silencing neurotransmission or synaptic transmission of afferent neurons.

The present invention provides a method and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of the NDO comprising the viral expression vector carrying a transcription cassette that harbors transgene(s) inhibiting/silencing neurotransmission or synaptic transmission of afferent neurons.

Disclosed herein are compositions for supporting bladder health and/or treating, ameliorating, preventing, or reducing overactive bladder or the symptoms associated therewith. The compositions disclosed herein comprise a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and at least one muscarinic receptor antagonist. Also described herein are methods utilizing the aforementioned compositions.

Disclosed herein are compositions for supporting bladder health and/or treating, ameliorating, preventing, or reducing overactive bladder or the symptoms associated therewith. The compositions disclosed herein comprise a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and at least one muscarinic receptor antagonist. Also described herein are methods utilizing the aforementioned compositions.

The present invention provides novel compounds with improved solubility and altered pharmacokinetic properties. The compounds of the present invention may be represented by Formula (I).

##STR00001##

This invention provides compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein a, b, c, d, m, n, p, s, t, W, Ar.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders.