This invention provides novel injectable compositions comprising botulinum toxin that may be administered to a subject for various therapeutic, aesthetic and/or cosmetic purposes. The injectable compositions contemplated by the invention exhibit one or more advantages over conventional botulinum toxin formulations, including reduced antigenicity, a reduced tendency to undergo unwanted localized diffusion following injection, increased duration of clinical efficacy or enhanced potency relative, faster onset of clinical efficacy, and/or improved stability.

Sustained release oral dosage forms of a gabapentin prodrug, 1-{[(-isobutanoyloxyethoxy)carbonyl]aminomethyl}-1-cyclohexane acetic acid, are disclosed. The dosage forms are useful for treating or preventing diseases and disorders for which gabapentin is therapeutically effective.

This invention provides compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein a, b, c, d, m, n, p, s, t, W, Ar.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders.

Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a complex between solifenacin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an ion exchange resin, and an acrylic based polymer.

Compositions and methods for treating one or more symptoms one or more symptoms such as reduced sexual desire and fecal compaction are provided. Accordingly, the disclosed composition can be administered to subjects in need thereof, including patients with multiple sclerosis, particularly in patients in which multiple sclerosis symptoms are exacerbated in the premenstrual time period/during the menstrual period.

The compositions are unit dosage forms including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a BPC peptide. The unit dosage forms can be formulated for enteral, parenteral, or topical administration.

Also provided herein are methods of increasing sexual desire or reducing fecal compaction in a subject in need thereof. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are used to alleviate one or more symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, particularly in patients in which multiple sclerosis symptoms are exacerbated in the premenstrual time period.

The disclosed dosage forms can be administered orally or parenterally.

Provided herein are 3,3-disubstituted 19-nor-steroidal compounds according to Formula (1): and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Such compounds are contemplated useful for the prevention and treatment of a variety of CNS-related conditions, for example, treatment of sleep disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, disorders of memory and/or cognition, movement disorders, personality disorders, autism spectrum disorders, pain, traumatic brain injury, vascular diseases, substance abuse disorders and/or withdrawal syndromes, tinnitus, and status epilepticus.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treating bladder disorders or conditions, in which botulinum toxin is topically administered to the mucosal inner lining or urothelium of the bladder, of a subject in need thereof, for transmucosal delivery across the urothelium to surrounding bladder wall musculature and/or neuronal tissue. Rather than requiring injection, the toxin instead may be administered by instillation in solution via the urethra. In particular, the botulinum toxin is administered in conjunction with a positively charged or lipophilic carrier comprising a positively charged polymeric backbone or a hydrophobic backbone with covalently attached groups that enhance transmucosal transport across the urothelium and may also stabilize the botulinum toxin in aqueous formulations.

The present invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treating bladder disorders or conditions, in which botulinum toxin is topically administered to the mucosal inner lining or urothelium of the bladder, of a subject in need thereof, for transmucosal delivery across the urothelium to surrounding bladder wall musculature and/or neuronal tissue. Rather than requiring injection, the toxin instead may be administered by instillation in solution via the urethra. In particular, the botulinum toxin is administered in conjunction with a positively charged or lipophilic carrier comprising a positively charged polymeric backbone or a hydrophobic backbone with covalently attached groups that enhance transmucosal transport across the urothelium and may also stabilize the botulinum toxin in aqueous formulations.

A quinazoline-based compound is represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2. The compound can effectively activate the BK.sub.Ca channels, and thus may be used for preventing or treating the overactive bladder caused by inactivation or decrease in activity of the BK.sub.Ca channels. The compound can be included in a pharmaceutical composition or health function food for improving urinary function.

A quinazoline-based compound is represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2. The compound can effectively activate the BK.sub.Ca channels, and thus may be used for preventing or treating the overactive bladder caused by inactivation or decrease in activity of the BK.sub.Ca channels. The compound can be included in a pharmaceutical composition or health function food for improving urinary function.