Devices, systems, and methods are directed to applying magnetohydrodynamic forces to liquid metal to eject liquid metal along a controlled pattern, such as a controlled three-dimensional pattern as part of additive manufacturing of an object. Nozzles associated with these devices, systems, and methods include a combination of materials suitable for withstanding prolonged exposure to high temperatures associated with certain liquid metals while facilitating efficient delivery of current to produce magnetohydrodynamic forces controllable over a range of frequencies associated with commercially viable three-dimensional fabrication.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method of printing lines. A method may include positioning a plurality of print units according to a predefined spacing parameter. A method may include depositing material on a substrate by a plurality of print units to form a respective plurality of parallel lines according to a predefined spacing parameter. A printing unit may be positioned at an angle with respect to a predefined scan direction such that a predefined width of a printed line is achieved. A substrate may be rotated between scans such that a plurality of lines in a respective plurality of directions is printed in a scan direction.

A jetting device includes: a fluid chamber connected to a nozzle and containing an electrically conductive liquid to be jetted out through the nozzle; a magnetic field generator arranged to create a magnetic field in the fluid chamber; a pair of electrodes contacting the electrically conductive liquid in the fluid chamber; and a controller arranged to control a flow of an electric current through the electrodes and the electrically conductive liquid. The magnetic field generator is arranged to create a rotating magnetic field in the fluid chamber.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method of printing lines. A method may include positioning a plurality of print units according to a predefined spacing parameter. A method may include depositing material on a substrate by a plurality of print units to form a respective plurality of parallel lines according to a predefined spacing parameter. A printing unit may be positioned at an angle with respect to a predefined scan direction such that a predefined width of a printed line is achieved. A substrate may be rotated between scans such that a plurality of lines in a respective plurality of directions is printed in a scan direction.

An inkjet printing device includes an ink containing a silver particle and water; and an ink discharging head including multiple nozzles to discharge the ink, individual liquid chambers communicating with the multiple nozzles, a common liquid chamber to supply the ink to the individual liquid chambers, a circulating flow path communicating with the individual liquid chambers, a common circulating liquid chamber communicating with the circulating flow path, and a pressure generator to apply a pressure to the ink in the individual liquid chambers, wherein the proportion of the silver particle to the ink is from 1 to 15 percent by mass.

An ink jet printer includes an ink jet head and an ink jet head control circuit supplying a control signal to control the ink jet head. The ink jet head includes a nozzle, an ink chamber, an actuator configured to change a pressure of the ink chamber to eject ink from the nozzle, a driver circuit that is connected to a signal line on which the control signal is supplied and configured to generate a drive waveform for driving the actuator according to the control signal, and a non-volatile memory connected to the signal line and configured to store information of the ink jet head. The ink jet head control circuit includes a drive control circuit connected to the signal line and configured to output the control signal to the signal line, and a non-volatile memory control circuit that accesses the non-volatile memory via the signal line.

The invention relates to a method for applying an image of an electrically conductive material onto a recording medium. In the method, the recording medium is heated and the electrically conductive material is jetted onto the recording medium. The invention further relates to a device for ejecting droplets of an electrically conductive fluid onto a recording medium.

A panel of the present invention includes a substrate, an electrode provided on the substrate, and a transparent conductive layer provided on the substrate along a side of the electrode. The electrode includes a contact region in contact with the transparent conductive layer and a non-contact region out of contact with the transparent conductive layer. Preferably, a part of the electrode is exposed through the transparent conductive layer. Preferably, the conductive layer is separated into one side and the other side of the electrode extending a predetermined direction.

As described above, three-dimensional printer 10 includes inkjet head 200 configured to eject ink, head tank 210 configured to store the ink to be supplied to inkjet head 200, ink tank 220 configured to store the ink to be supplied into head tank 210, pipe 230 that connects head tank 210 and ink tank 220, vacuum pump 242 configured to generate a high negative pressure, first pressure line 271 that connects head tank 210 and vacuum pump 242, and controller 110 configured to, when supplying the ink from ink tank 220 into head tank 210 via pipe 230, cause the high negative pressure generated by vacuum pump 242 to be applied to head tank 210 via first pressure line 271.

Devices, systems, and methods are directed to applying magnetohydrodynamic forces to liquid metal to eject liquid metal along a controlled pattern, such as a controlled three-dimensional pattern as part of additive manufacturing of an object. Nozzles associated with these devices, systems, and methods include a combination of materials suitable for withstanding prolonged exposure to high temperatures associated with certain liquid metals while facilitating efficient delivery of current to produce magnetohydrodynamic forces controllable over a range of frequencies associated with commercially viable three-dimensional fabrication.