The present invention relates to improved Nanobodies™ against Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as to polypeptides comprising or essentially consisting of one or more of such Nanobodies. The invention also relates to nucleic acids encoding such Nanobodies and polypeptides; to methods for preparing such Nanobodies and polypeptides; to host cells expressing or capable of expressing such Nanobodies or polypeptides; to compositions comprising such Nanobodies, polypeptides, nucleic acids or host cells; and to uses of such Nanobodies, such polypeptides, such nucleic acids, such host cells or such compositions, in particular for prophylactic, therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, such as the prophylactic, therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.

The present invention provides compositions containing endoxifen, formulations and liposomes of endoxifen, methods of preparation of such agents and formulations, and use of such agents and formulations for the treatment of a subject having or at risk for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, the present invention relates to the composition comprising endoxifen in the treatment of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and/or epilepsy by administrating formulations or compositions comprising an effective amount of endoxifen.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, dietary and/or food compositions exerting the ability to activate the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) so to feed the redox buffer capacity and to boost the natural ability to compensate both oxidative and reductive stress.

The invention further relates to the use of the aforementioned compositions to correct signs of metabolic derangements such as: oxy-redox imbalances including reductive stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetics, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and hyperhomocysteinemia. Accordingly, the composition of the present invention can be used as a medicament for the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, erectile dysfunction, viral infections and inflammatory lung injuries, diabetes and PCOS, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, repeated implantation failure and repeated miscarriage and infertility in both men and women.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, dietary and/or food compositions exerting the ability to activate the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) so to feed the redox buffer capacity and to boost the natural ability to compensate both oxidative and reductive stress.

The invention further relates to the use of the aforementioned compositions to correct signs of metabolic derangements such as: oxy-redox imbalances including reductive stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetics, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and hyperhomocysteinemia. Accordingly, the composition of the present invention can be used as a medicament for the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, erectile dysfunction, viral infections and inflammatory lung injuries, diabetes and PCOS, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, repeated implantation failure and repeated miscarriage and infertility in both men and women.

A use of pharmaceutical composition for enhancing cancer treatment includes an Astragalus membranaceus extract and a mannose. The pharmaceutical composition can effectively enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs, thereby reducing cancer cell viability, and for drug resistant cancers. In addition, the pharmaceutical composition can also inhibit the growth of tumor cells.

A use of pharmaceutical composition for enhancing cancer treatment includes an Astragalus membranaceus extract and a mannose. The pharmaceutical composition can effectively enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs, thereby reducing cancer cell viability, and for drug resistant cancers. In addition, the pharmaceutical composition can also inhibit the growth of tumor cells.

Provided herein are compounds and methods for modulating the NFKB pathway. More particularly, provided are inhibitors of the NFkB pathway and the uses of such inhibitors in regulating diseases and disorders, e.g., to treat cancer, such as ovarian cancer.

The methods include selectively reducing or expanding T cells according to the antigenic specificity of the T cells. Therefore, the present invention can be used to reduce or eliminate pathogenic T cells that recognize autoantigens, such as beta cell specific T cells. As such, the present invention can be used to prevent, treat or ameliorate autoimmune diseases such as IDDM. Furthermore, the present invention can be used to expand desirable T cells, such as anti-pathogenic T cells to prevent, treat and/or ameliorate autoimmune diseases.

A medicine for improving the state of pregnancy, which comprises a compound represented by general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient; and a use of the medicine.

The present invention pertains in general to the field of the stabilization of gonadotropin formulations, in particular liquid formulations of gonadotropins. The stabilization is achieved by a particular combination of excipients, preferably arginine and methionine. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation does not comprise a buffer.