The invention relates to compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
where a, R.sup.1, and R.sup.3-6 are as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds of formula I are serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; methods of using such compounds; and process and intermediates for preparing such compounds.

Plant-based medicinal compounds or nutritional supplements in various carrier combinations are described. The carriers can include N-acylated fatty amino acids, penetration enhancers, and/or various other beneficial carriers. The plant-based composition/carrier combinations can create administration benefits.

A method for enhancing female sexual wellness with shockwave therapy and stem cells promotes tissue repair and regeneration in or near the female vagina through the combinative effects of shockwave therapy and needle-free injection of a stem cell specimen on the genital. The method includes: preparing the patient, both mentally and physically to receive stem cell therapy; applying shockwave therapy to the genitalium; developing a platelet-rich plasma preparation from the patient; introducing a stem cell specimen into a vial having a needle-free injector; introducing the platelet-rich plasma preparation into the vial; injecting, through the needle-free injector, the stem cell specimen and the platelet-rich plasma preparation directly on or near the vagina and through the vaginal canal from multiple positions, multiple depths, and multiple angles; reapplying shockwave therapy to the vagina after a duration; and monitoring the female patient for a post-procedure duration after administration of the stem cell specimen.

A method for enhancing female sexual wellness with shockwave therapy and stem cells promotes tissue repair and regeneration in or near the female vagina through the combinative effects of shockwave therapy and needle-free injection of a stem cell specimen on the genital. The method includes: preparing the patient, both mentally and physically to receive stem cell therapy; applying shockwave therapy to the genitalium; developing a platelet-rich plasma preparation from the patient; introducing a stem cell specimen into a vial having a needle-free injector; introducing the platelet-rich plasma preparation into the vial; injecting, through the needle-free injector, the stem cell specimen and the platelet-rich plasma preparation directly on or near the vagina and through the vaginal canal from multiple positions, multiple depths, and multiple angles; reapplying shockwave therapy to the vagina after a duration; and monitoring the female patient for a post-procedure duration after administration of the stem cell specimen.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a bone-related disease; and the pharmaceutical composition is very effective in preventing or treating bone-related diseases in that it not only promotes differentiation of preosteoblast cells into osteoblasts to induce production of mineralized nodules, but also, at the same time, inhibits differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteoclasts and the function of osteoclasts so that bone homeostasis is effectively regulated. In addition, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a menopausal disease, in particular, a menopausal bone disease; and the pharmaceutical composition is very effective in preventing or treating a menopausal bone-related disease in that it not only increases the volume of trabecular bone and promotes differentiation of preosteoblast cells into osteoblasts to induce production of mineralized nodules, but also, at the same time, inhibits differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteoclasts and the function of osteoclasts so that bone homeostasis is effectively regulated.

The present invention relates to an extract obtained by extracting useful components containing equal from an equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl, and to a method for producing the same. The present invention makes it possible to efficiently obtain useful components containing equol from the fermented soybean hypocotyl by subjecting an equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl to extraction using an ethanol aqueous solution as an extractant. The present invention reduces the content of saponin, which causes an unpleasant taste, by sequentially subjecting the equal-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl to extraction using an ethanol aqueous solution and ethanol, while efficiently extracting equol and glycitein.

The present document is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one non-ionic cellulose ether, wherein said composition has a viscosity of 35000 cP or more, an osmolality of from about 10 to about 300 mOsmol/kg, and a pH of from about 3 to about 4. The composition may be used in the treatment and/or prevention of a climacteric disorder, wherein said climacteric disorder is a selected from the group consisting of vaginal dryness, vaginal irritation, vaginal itching, dysuria, dyspareunia, and/or vaginal bleeding during and/or after sexual intercourse and any combination thereof.

The present document is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one non-ionic cellulose ether, wherein said composition has a viscosity of 35000 cP or more, an osmolality of from about 10 to about 300 mOsmol/kg, and a pH of from about 3 to about 4. The composition may be used in the treatment and/or prevention of a climacteric disorder, wherein said climacteric disorder is a selected from the group consisting of vaginal dryness, vaginal irritation, vaginal itching, dysuria, dyspareunia, and/or vaginal bleeding during and/or after sexual intercourse and any combination thereof.

The present application discloses, among other things, asymmetric synthesis a diastereomeric compound of formula (I) (e.g., -anordrin) or salt thereof. Also provided are methods and compositions for treatment of estrogen deficiency as well as preventing or reducing an estrogen deficiency symptom using a diastereomeric compound of formula (I) (e.g., -anordrin) or salt thereof alone or in combination with at least one additional agent. Further provided are methods and compositions for reducing a side effect of an additional agent in the context of combination therapy with a diastereomeric compound of formula (I) (e.g., -anordrin) or salt thereof.

Estrogen and progesterone replacement therapies are provided herein. Among others, the following formulations are provided herein: solubilized estradiol without progesterone; micronized progesterone without estradiol; micronized progesterone with partially solubilized progesterone; solubilized estradiol with micronized progesterone; solubilized estradiol with micronized progesterone in combination with partially solubilized progesterone; and solubilized estradiol with solubilized progesterone.