Provided herein are intermediates and processes useful for facile synthesis of compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a solvate, a tautomer, an isomer or a deuterated analog thereof, wherein Q, P.sup.1 and P.sup.2 are as defined in this disclosure.

Our invention is a mixture of carboxylic acids: citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and malic acid, and any possible combinations thereof. This product is used orally or also intravenously, in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure, hyperammonemia or human conditions having negative nitrogen balance. This product is beneficial in decreasing the serum values of urea and serum ammonium, while promoting by transamination of the oxalacetate formed via succinate, fumarate and malate, the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids; by transamination of the alpha ketoglutarate formed via citrate, it generates glutamic acid and related amino acids such as glutamine. This treatment prevents, preserves and even improves kidney function. In other patients it delays deterioration of renal function and the urgent need for renal replacement therapy. In others, it is used as a supplemental renal replacement treatment to improve the patient's quality of life and improve laboratory parameters.

Provided is a composition and method for reducing a cellular senescence level by inhibiting the activity or expression of one or more of DCUN1D3 protein or gene encoding same and a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, as well as a method of treating a disease or a disease symptom associated with an increased cellular senescence level in a mammal.

A gold particle having at least one cross-section in the range of 20-1000 μnm and having a purity greater than 99.00% w/w, preferably 99.99% w/w for use in treatment of a wound to minimize scar formation and to prevent abnormal scar formation. A composition comprising at least one gold particle having at least one cross-section in the range of 20-1000 μm and having a purity greater than 99.00% w/w, preferably 99.99% w/w for use in treatment of a wound to prevent abnormal scar formation, wherein the composition further comprises hyaluronic acid or any other physiologically acceptable carrier.

The present invention describes antibodies that target CD19, wherein the antibodies comprise at least one modification relative to a parent antibody, wherein the modification alters affinity to an FcγR or alters effector function as compared to the parent antibody. Also disclosed are methods of using the antibodies of the invention.

The present invention provides compositions and formulations of compounds having formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, wherein p, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and B are as described generally and in classes and subclasses herein, and additionally provides pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for the use thereof for the treatment of any of a number of injuries, conditions or diseases in which HGF/SF or the activities thereof, or agonists or antagonists thereof have a therapeutically useful role. In addition, methods are provided for treating such diseases or diseases starting at a time after the onset of the injury, condition or disease.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to methods and compositions for improving wound healing and in particular for preventing scar formation and thus loss of function that can occur in injured tissues during the natural wound healing process. Particularly, although by no means exclusively, the invention relates to the healing of chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers.

Oligonucleotide compounds modulate expression and/or function of Erythropoietin (EPO) polynucleotides and encoded products thereof. Methods for treating diseases associated with Erythropoietin (EPO) comprise administering one or more oligonucleotide compounds designed to inhibit the EPO natural antisense transcript to patients.

The present invention refers to the use of PTER, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for preventing and/or treating skin diseases, damages or injuries. Those methods of prevention and/or treatment comprise the administration of an effective amount of a composition comprising PTER as active compound, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable salt thereof, to the subject. The present invention also refers to the compositions, per se, comprising PTER as active compound, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable slat thereof, characterized by being formulated in the form of liposomes, and to the method for preparing said liposome formulations.

Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: W is O, N—H, N—(C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl) or S; each X is independently CH or N; R.sup.1 is a 5 to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted heterocycle containing at least 1 heteroatom selected from N or O; R.sup.2 is (LQ).sub.mY; and each R.sup.3 is independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, are surprisingly found to be inhibitors of PI3K-p110δ, and therefore have utility in therapy.

##STR00001##