Provided herein are methods for establishing Theobroma cell suspension cultures using young leaves as a source of explants. Also provided are induction, proliferation, and suspension media used for producing Theobroma cell suspension cultures. These methods and media may be useful for producing secondary metabolites in Theobroma, as well as for isolating virus particles associated with Theobroma diseases.

Compositions, kits, and methods for preparing a plant cell composition are provided. Compositions, kits, and methods for engineering plant cells are also provided. In some cases, compositions, kits, and methods provided herein can be used to produce cotton.

The present specification relates to a culturing method for cultured leguminous roots having an increased coumestrol content, the method being capable of mass-producing coumestrol, which is present in a very small amount in a leguminous plant, wherein the culturing method comprises the steps of: (a) germinating leguminous seeds in a culture medium to induce in vitro plants having cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles; (b) culturing, in a culture medium, at least one site of cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles of the induced in vitro plant to induce site-specific cultured roots; and (c) multiplying the induced site-specific cultured roots in a culture medium, wherein the culture medium contains nutrient components of NH.sub.4NO.sub.3, CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O, MgSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O, KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, and KNO.sub.3.

The invention provides a callus induction medium for blueberry tissue culture, taking woody plant medium (WPM) as a basic medium, and including: 0.5-5.0 mg/L forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and 0.1-0.4 mg/L 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip). The present invention also provides a callus culture method for blueberry, including inoculating the blueberry explant into the above callus induction medium to conduct induction culture in order to form blueberry callus. The present invention also discloses the medium combination and culture method to culture the above blueberry callus to blueberry tissue culture plant. For the above medium and culture method, the differentiation effect is good, efficiency is high, one can conduct continuous differentiation, and the effect is better on multiple varieties.

The present invention discloses a method of isolating secondary metabolites, specifically arjunolic acid, from the calli and/or the suspension cultures derived from the pluripotent cambium tissue of Terminalia arjuna. The invention also discloses a method of inducing callus, establishing and maintaining suspension cultures of callus derived from the cambium of Terminalia arjuna for the isolation of secondary metabolites.

There are provided a radiofrequency device for increasing amount of a bioactive substance in a plant cell and a plant cell culture method for increasing amount of useful intracellular secondary metabolites by using the radiofrequency device. The cell culture method of the present invention makes it possible to increase specific secondary metabolites such as daidzein, equol, and the like in a cell and thus can be used for development into various medicines, agricultural pesticides, spices, pigments, food additives, and cosmetics containing bioactive substances. Further, the cell culture method of the present invention improves conventional cell culture methods limitedly used for specific cells or specific metabolites for increasing amount of intracellular bioactive substances and thus can be widely applied to production of cells and secondary metabolites.

The present invention provides methods and devices for the rapid isolation of monocot plant embryos suitable for transformation or tissue culture. The invention includes mechanical devices for substantially isolating plant embryos for use as transformable explants. Media suitable for isolating plant embryos and methods for their preparation are also provided.

The present invention provides a method of regenerating a plant, which allows stable regeneration of plants from calli; and a method of reproducing a plant, which allows stable reproduction of plants without being affected by weather, seasons or other factors. The present invention relates to a method of regenerating a plant, including a step of inducing adventitious embryos from calli; and a method of reproducing a plant, including a step of inducing adventitious embryos from calli.

The present invention relates to a method of producing Ingenol, Ingenol esters and/or Tiglian-3-one derivatives, the method comprising the steps of: (a) culturing plant cells obtained from a plant selected from the family Euphorbiaceae in a nutrient medium in a suspension cell culture, wherein the cells produce Ingenol, one or more Ingenol esters and/or one or more Tiglian-3-one derivatives; and (b) recovering the Ingenol, the one or more Ingenol esters and/or the one or more Tiglian-3-one derivatives produced in (a). The present invention further relates to a plant suspension cell culture, wherein the cells are obtained from a plant selected from the family Euphorbiaceae, and wherein the plant cells produce Ingenol and/or one or more Ingenol ester and/or one or more Tiglian-3-one derivatives.

A fibrous propagation medium includes a volume of refined, acidic wood and/or bark fiber having about 2.3-5.0 vol. % of a particle size of 2.36-4.74 mm (sieve #8), based on the total volume of the wood fiber, moisture content of about 16-28 wt. %, and water holding capacity of about 50-95%, according to the NCSU Promoter Analysis.