This document provides methods and materials involved in assessing mammals (e.g., humans) for arthritis. For example, methods and materials for assessing a mammal's gut microbial diversity to identify the mammal as having arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) are provided. This document also provides methods and materials involved in treating arthritis.

A compound of formula I: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: W is O, N—H, N—(C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl) or S; each X is independently CH or N; R.sup.1 is a 5 to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted heterocycle containing at least 1 heteroatom selected from N or O; R.sup.2 is LY; each L is a direct bond, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenylene or C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynylene; Y is an optionally substituted fused, bridged or spirocyclic non-aromatic 5-12 membered heterocycle containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N or O; and each R.sup.3 is independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, halogen, fluoro C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, O—C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, NH—C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, S—C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, O-fluoro C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, NH-acyl, NH—C(O)—NH—C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, C(O)—NH—C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, are useful as inhibitors of the class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase enzyme, PI3K-p110δ, and therefore have potential utility in the therapy of cancer, immune and inflammatory diseases.

The invention relates to a method for the stabilization of a polysaccharide (hyaluronic acid) with a biomolecule—amino acid—through crosslinking, to generate a bionic hydrogel based on physiological building blocks for applications in regenerative medicine. The designed biosimilar hydrogel is intended to be used in regenerative medicine for the purpose of regenerate, rejuvenate and/or restore the structure or function of impaired or damaged tissues, and to promote healing. The manufacture method is composed of a single step that includes mixing L-lysine and hyaluronic acid sodium salt in an aqueous saline solution with either EDC/NHS as coupling agent.

Disclosed are compounds of formula I: ##STR00001## as described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are inhibitors of plasma kallikrein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one such compound, and methods involving use of the compounds and compositions in the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity.

The invention relates to methods of treating a patient suffering from an IL-33-mediated disorder, such as asthma, comprising administering to the patient an IL-33 axis binding antagonist based on the genotype of the /L1RL1gene, the genotype of a polymorphism in genomic vicinity to the IL-33 gene, the expression level of periostin or the expression level of soluble ST2. The invention further relates to methods of determining whether a patient is at increased risk of an IL-33-mediated disorder, as well as methods of determining whether a patient suffering from such a disorder is likely to respond to a treatment comprising an IL-33 axis binding antagonist, based on the genotype of the /L1RL1gene the genotype of a polymorphism in genomic vicinity to the IL-33 gene, the expression level of periostin or the expression level of soluble ST2.

Provided herein are micellic assemblies comprising a plurality of copolymers. In certain instauces, micellic assemblies provided herein are pH sensitive particles.

The present invention provides isolated monoclonal antibodies, particularly human antibodies, that bind to IP-10 with high affinity, inhibit the binding of IP-10 to its receptor, inhibit IP-10-induced calcium flux and inhibit IP-10-induced cell migration. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibodies of the invention, expression vectors, host cells and methods for expressing the antibodies of the invention are also provided. Immunoconjugates, bispecific molecules and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antibodies of the invention are also provided. The invention also provides methods for inhibiting IP-10 activity using the antibodies of the invention, including methods for treating various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Disclosed here is a novel use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising glutathione or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives as active ingredient, in the forms of tablets, capsules, powder, spray and/or liquid, through oral administration, intervene injection, inhale and/or skin transmission, to treat and prevent gout and lead nephropathy. Embodiments of gout and lead nephropathy treatable by the pharmaceutical composition described herein include, without limitation, gout, kidney stones, tophi, hyperuricemia, blood lead, renal disease (lead nephropathy), complications thereof, as well as other conditions caused by lifestyle, genetics, medical conditions, and blood lead level. Symptoms treatable may include inflammatory arthritis, which typically involves a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint.

Methods of treating a complex wound by administering to a complex wound in the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a fetal support tissue product to treat the complex wound. Methods of treating a complex lower extremity ulcer by administering to a complex lower extremity ulcer in the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a fetal support tissue product to treat the complex lower extremity ulcer. Methods of reducing or preventing scar formation from granulation tissue by administering a fetal support tissue product to granulation tissue. Methods of repairing a spina bifida defect by administering to the defect in the individual a therapeutically effective amount of an umbilical cord product.

An Interleukin-17 (IL-17) binding molecule, in particular an antibody to human IL-17, more preferably a human antibody to human IL-17 is provided, wherein the hypervariable regions of the heavy and light chains have amino acid sequences as defined, for use in the treatment of an IL-17 mediated disease or disorder, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis.