The present invention relates to compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, useful as inhibitors of cyclophilins, and for the treatment of cyclophilin-related disorders.

The present invention relates to compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, useful as inhibitors of cyclophilins, and for the treatment of cyclophilin-related disorders.

The present invention provides a compound having an MAGL inhibitory action, and useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis etc.), anxiety disorder, pains (e.g., inflammatory pain, cancerous pain, neurogenic pain etc.), epilepsy, depression and the like.

The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.

The invention relates to besylate salts of the compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##
Methods of preparing the salts, and their use as medicaments, in particular for sedative or hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, or anticonvulsant purposes is also described.

The invention relates to method for cultivating stem cells in vitro, comprising the following steps: providing a sample comprising stem cells and cultivating the stem cells by subjecting the sample to a treatment for a first period of time. The treatment is carried out under hypothermic conditions having a defined temperature and a defined atmosphere, wherein the temperature does not exceed 15° C. and the atmosphere has an oxygen content not exceeding 21% (v/v). Thereby, the first period of time is 4 days to 4 weeks.

Methods of rehabilitation of neurological disorders, including neurological deficits associated with neurotraumas, such as stroke and traumatic brain injury, and with muscle disorders, that includes administering to a subject a MAO-B inhibitor.

The invention relates to Fatty Acid Acetylated Salicylate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Acetylated Salicylate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing an inflammatory disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Acetylated Salicylate Derivative.

The invention is directed to a class of compounds, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, having the structure of formula I:

##STR00001##

as defined in the specification. The invention is also directed to compositions containing and uses of the compounds of formula I.

The present invention relates to: a novel cell penetrating peptide; a cell penetrating botulinum toxin recombinant protein composition in which the cell penetrating peptide and the light chain of a botulinum toxin are fused; and a use thereof and, more specifically, to a composition enabling the transdermal delivery of a cell penetrating botulinum toxin recombinant protein and capable of being locally used for various treatments of the skin and cosmetic purposes. The cell penetrating peptide-botulinum toxin recombinant protein of the present invention can be transdermally delivered, thereby having the intrinsic effect of a botulinum toxin and simultaneously having greater convenience of use, and thus can be effectively applied as a local agonist for the treatment of various diseases and aesthetic and/or cosmetic purposes.

Some aspects of the invention provide for a method of treating Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frontotemperal Dementia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and/or Multiple Sclerosis using polyunsaturated fatty acids which are modified in certain positions to attenuate oxidative damage by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and/or suppress the rate of formation of reactive products and toxic compounds.