The present invention relates to novel Raf-1 kinase inhibitor compounds for improving skeletal muscle regeneration to maintain or increase muscle function and/or muscle mass by modulating muscle stem cells. For example, the present invention is useful for subjects to promote muscle repair and/or subjects suffering from precachexia, cachexia, sarcopenia, myopathy, dystrophy and/or recovery after muscle injury or surgery.

The present invention relates to novel Raf-1 kinase inhibitor compounds for improving skeletal muscle regeneration to maintain or increase muscle function and/or muscle mass by modulating muscle stem cells. For example, the present invention is useful for subjects to promote muscle repair and/or subjects suffering from precachexia, cachexia, sarcopenia, myopathy, dystrophy and/or recovery after muscle injury or surgery.

Cachexia is a potentially lethal syndrome afflicting mammals, frequently complicates the treatment of infection, inflammation and cancer. It is characterized by involuntary weight loss, including muscle loss and decrease in protein blood level content. The inventors now show in 2 animal models (mice fed with normal diet and mice fed with high fat diet) that neutralisation of the long fragment of neurotensin with an inhibitor of NTSR1 activation or expression prevents weight loss, muscle loss and protein blood level decrease. Accordingly, the present invention relates to use of an inhibitor of NTSR1 activation or expression for preventing weight loss, muscle loss, and protein blood level decrease in subjects in need thereof.

Cachexia is a potentially lethal syndrome afflicting mammals, frequently complicates the treatment of infection, inflammation and cancer. It is characterized by involuntary weight loss, including muscle loss and decrease in protein blood level content. The inventors now show in 2 animal models (mice fed with normal diet and mice fed with high fat diet) that neutralisation of the long fragment of neurotensin with an inhibitor of NTSR1 activation or expression prevents weight loss, muscle loss and protein blood level decrease. Accordingly, the present invention relates to use of an inhibitor of NTSR1 activation or expression for preventing weight loss, muscle loss, and protein blood level decrease in subjects in need thereof.

This invention is in the field of Biomarkers. In particular, it relates to biomarker being predictive of muscle atrophy. The invention relates to the use of such biomarker for selectively treating a patient having muscle atrophy and a method of predicting the likelihood that a patient having muscle atrophy will respond to treatment with a muscle anabolic agent.

Salts and solid forms of 3-(4-((4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione, or a stereoisomer thereof, are disclosed. Compositions comprising and methods of using the salts and solid forms are also disclosed.

The invention provides methods for inducing, enhancing or increasing satellite cell proliferation, and an assay for screening for a candidate compound for inducing, enhancing or increasing satellite cell proliferation. Also provided are methods for repairing or regenerating a damaged muscle tissue of a subject.

The invention provides methods for inducing, enhancing or increasing satellite cell proliferation, and an assay for screening for a candidate compound for inducing, enhancing or increasing satellite cell proliferation. Also provided are methods for repairing or regenerating a damaged muscle tissue of a subject.

Casein compositions for increasing the rate of gastric emptying following ingestion of the composition, increasing the digestibility of a protein composition, or increasing the rate of delivery of amino acids to the blood, or for increasing the blood serum concentration of free leucine in a subject, preferably to substantially the same level as whey protein, the casein being about 10 to about 100% calcium depleted, having a degree of hydrolysis less than about 1% and having an unmodified phosphorylation pattern.

The present invention relates to a method of treating motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using levosimendan or its active metabolite (II) as an active ingredient. Levosimendan or its active metabolite (II) are able to relieve the loss of skeletal muscle strength or function associated with motor neuron diseases.