The present invention relates to carboxylic acid aromatic amides compounds of general formula (I) as described and defined herein, to pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds and to the use of said compounds for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.

Compositions and methods are provided for modulating the activity of cells using engineered receptors, polynucleotide encoded engineered receptors, and gene therapy vectors comprising polynucleotides encoding engineered receptors. These compositions and methods find particular use in modulating the activity of neurons, for example in the treatment of disease or in the study of neuronal circuits.

A heteroaromatic amide derivative or salt thereof showing high efficacy for diseases associated with Nav1.7 is represented by general formula (I)

##STR00001## [wherein, X.sup.1-X.sup.2 is N—C or C—N, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3 and Y.sup.4 are —CH.sub.2—, —CR.sup.4aH— or —O— and so on, Z.sup.1 is —O— and so on, ring A is a 3- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic ring and so on, R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom and so on, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom and so on, R.sup.3a, R.sup.3b and R.sup.3c are a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl group and so on, R.sup.4a, R.sup.4b and R.sup.4c are, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl group or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkoxy group and so on, R.sup.5a is a hydrogen atom and so on, R.sup.5a and R.sup.5b together form —CH.sub.2O— and so on, R.sup.6a and R.sup.6b are a hydrogen atom and so on, n is 1 or 2.].

The invention relates to a sprayable liquid solution for the local delivery of lidocaine to the epidermis (skin), gingiva, oral mucosa or mucosal lining of the pharynx, and to a method of providing local anesthesia by administering this composition. The solution comprises at least 40% w/w lidocaine, or about 2% to about 50% w/w/ lidocaine.

As a result of dedicated studies, the present inventors succeeded in discovering, for the first time, that fibrogenesis could be suppressed at the physiological tissue level by inhibiting sulfation at position 4 or 6 of GalNAc, which is a sugar that constitutes sugar chains. Furthermore, the present inventors conducted studies using various disease model animals, and as a result, successfully demonstrated that inhibitors of sulfation at position 4 or 6 of GalNAc had therapeutic effects on diseases caused by tissue fibrogenesis (tissue fibrogenic disorders).

The present application provides nerve growth factor (NGF) variants with improved in vivo stability, methods for producing and purifying NGF variants, as well as potential therapeutic applications.

The present application provides nerve growth factor (NGF) variants with improved in vivo stability, methods for producing and purifying NGF variants, as well as potential therapeutic applications.

A compound for use in the treatment of CNS disorders with sleep disturbances e.g. narcolepsy or Angelman syndrome in a subject, wherein said compound is according to formula (I) or any isomer, tautomer, enantiomer, racemic form or deuterated form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention includes a functionalized nerve guidance conduit (NGC), methods of making neurotrophic factor-expressing neural crest stem-like cells (NCSC) and/or Schwann cell precursor-like (SCP) cells, methods of making the functionalized nerve guidance conduit, and methods of treating nerve injury using the functionalized nerve guidance conduit.

The present invention includes a functionalized nerve guidance conduit (NGC), methods of making neurotrophic factor-expressing neural crest stem-like cells (NCSC) and/or Schwann cell precursor-like (SCP) cells, methods of making the functionalized nerve guidance conduit, and methods of treating nerve injury using the functionalized nerve guidance conduit.