This invention provides novel injectable compositions comprising botulinum toxin that may be administered to a subject for various therapeutic, aesthetic and/or cosmetic purposes. The injectable compositions contemplated by the invention exhibit one or more advantages over conventional botulinum toxin formulations, including reduced antigenicity, a reduced tendency to undergo unwanted localized diffusion following injection, increased duration of clinical efficacy or enhanced potency relative, faster onset of clinical efficacy, and/or improved stability.

A compound represented by general formula (I) wherein all the symbols are as defined in the specification has a selective S1P5 receptor agonist activity due to having a linker from a phenyl group to a cyclic substituent in a dihydronaphthalene skeleton; i.e., due to having a short linker of one atom or less as L in general formula (I), and can therefore serve as an agent for treating S1P5-mediated disease, e. g., neurodegenerative disease such as schizophrenia. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides methods for the treatment of migraine by the administration of atogepant or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present disclosure provides methods for the treatment of migraine by the administration of atogepant or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A first aspect of the invention relates to leucine, acetyl-leucine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating or preventing a migraine, or one or more symptoms associated therewith. A second aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating or preventing a migraine, or one or more symptoms associated therewith, in a subject, said method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of leucine, acetyl-leucine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an NSAID such as meloxicam and/or rizatriptan in combination with a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate or a bicarbonate. These compositions may be orally administered, for example, to improve the bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of the NSAID for the treatment of pain such as migraine, arthritis, and other conditions. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating pain, such as migraine, comprising administering meloxicam and rizatriptan to a human being suffering from pain, such as migraine. For migraine, these methods may be particularly useful when the meloxicam and rizatriptan are administered while the human being is suffering from an acute attack of migraine pain or migraine aura. In some embodiments, the combination of meloxicam and rizatriptan may be administered in a manner that results in a T.sub.max of meloxicam of 3 hours or less.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an NSAID such as meloxicam and/or rizatriptan in combination with a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate or a bicarbonate. These compositions may be orally administered, for example, to improve the bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of the NSAID for the treatment of pain such as migraine, arthritis, and other conditions. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating pain, such as migraine, comprising administering meloxicam and rizatriptan to a human being suffering from pain, such as migraine. For migraine, these methods may be particularly useful when the meloxicam and rizatriptan are administered while the human being is suffering from an acute attack of migraine pain or migraine aura. In some embodiments, the combination of meloxicam and rizatriptan may be administered in a manner that results in a T.sub.max of meloxicam of 3 hours or less.

The invention relates to the use of an animal-protein-free botulinum toxin composition to treat a disease, disorder or condition in a patient in need thereof whereby the animal-protein-free botulinum toxin composition exhibits a longer lasting effect in the patient compared to an animal-protein-containing botulinum toxin composition.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a morphinan derivative that exhibits an opioid δ receptor agonist activity. By administering the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention, opioid δ receptor-related diseases (for example, headache) can be treated or prevented.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a morphinan derivative that exhibits an opioid δ receptor agonist activity. By administering the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention, opioid δ receptor-related diseases (for example, headache) can be treated or prevented.