The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for the treatment, identification, diagnosis, and prognosis of dystonia, or dystonia related disorders.

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (Ia), pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula (Ia), and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that modulate the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4. Compounds, pharmaceutical salts of compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are directed to methods useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of a neurological disease, disorder, or symptom, and conditions related thereto.

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The invention provides an antisense oligonucleotide capable of controlling ATN1 gene expression and treating dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. An inventive compound comprises a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 8 to 80 linked nucleosides and having a nucleobase sequence including at least 8 contiguous nucleobases that are complementary to a transcript of ATN1, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

This invention provides novel injectable compositions comprising botulinum toxin that may be administered to a subject for various therapeutic, aesthetic and/or cosmetic purposes. The injectable compositions contemplated by the invention exhibit one or more advantages over conventional botulinum toxin formulations, including reduced antigenicity, a reduced tendency to undergo unwanted localized diffusion following injection, increased duration of clinical efficacy or enhanced potency relative, faster onset of clinical efficacy, and/or improved stability.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical composition comprising an iron carbohydrate complex for use in a method for treatment or prevention of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) of a human patient, wherein the human patient prior to treatment has a magnetic resonance phase imaging of 0.02 radians above the average value of a control group in the substantia nigra, thalamus, putamen, or pallidum. The invention provides a higher probability for a RLS patient being treated to experience a relief in symptoms.

Methods of enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol, and for the treatment of at least one neuroinflammatory disorder in a subject, include orally administering to the subject a resveratrol solubulization product formulation consisting of: resveratrol; an emulsifying agent mixture of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 20; at least one medium-chain triglyceride (MCT); and tocopherol or mixed tocopherols, or an oral pharmaceutical composition containing same. In the methods, the formulation is orally administered to the human subject under fasting conditions. Upon oral administration to a human subject under fasting conditions, the resveratrol solubulization product formulation or oral pharmaceutical composition containing same provides at least one of the following pharmacokinetic parameters: a. AUC.sub.(0-t) of at least about 500 h*ng/mL; b. AUC.sub.(0-infin.) of no more than about 2100 h*ng/mL; and c. Cmax of at least about 220 ng/ml, wherein t is between about 1 and about 24 hours.

Methods of enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol, and for the treatment of at least one neuroinflammatory disorder in a subject, include orally administering to the subject a resveratrol solubulization product formulation consisting of: resveratrol; an emulsifying agent mixture of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 20; at least one medium-chain triglyceride (MCT); and tocopherol or mixed tocopherols, or an oral pharmaceutical composition containing same. In the methods, the formulation is orally administered to the human subject under fasting conditions. Upon oral administration to a human subject under fasting conditions, the resveratrol solubulization product formulation or oral pharmaceutical composition containing same provides at least one of the following pharmacokinetic parameters: a. AUC.sub.(0-t) of at least about 500 h*ng/mL; b. AUC.sub.(0-infin.) of no more than about 2100 h*ng/mL; and c. Cmax of at least about 220 ng/ml, wherein t is between about 1 and about 24 hours.

The present invention provides imidazopyrazinones as PDE1 inhibitors and their use as a medicament, in particular for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and psychiatric disorders.

A compound represented by general formula (I) wherein all the symbols are as defined in the specification has a selective S1P5 receptor agonist activity due to having a linker from a phenyl group to a cyclic substituent in a dihydronaphthalene skeleton; i.e., due to having a short linker of one atom or less as L in general formula (I), and can therefore serve as an agent for treating S1P5-mediated disease, e. g., neurodegenerative disease such as schizophrenia. ##STR00001##

Provided herein are compositions and methods for decreasing tau mRNA and protein expression. These compositions and methods are useful in treating tau-related diseases and disorders.