Apparatus and methods are described for use with a portion of plant material that includes at least one active ingredient. A vaporizing unit includes a heating element configured to heat the plant material, and a sensor configured to detect an indication of airflow rate through the vaporizing unit. Control circuitry is configured to receive an indication of the airflow rate through the vaporizing unit, and, in response thereto, to determine a smoking profile that is desired by the user. The control circuitry drives the heating element to vaporize the active ingredient of the plant material by heating the plant material according to the determined smoking profile. The control circuitry dynamically updates the smoking profile in response to changes in airflow rate over the course of a smoking session. Other applications are also described.

Described herein are nasal pharmaceutical compositions comprising a porous excipient and an active agent, wherein the active agent is loaded onto a surface of the porous excipient located inside pores of the porous excipient, and wherein the composition is adapted for nasal administration. Also described herein are methods of making and using nasal pharmaceutical compositions.

A nosepiece for delivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the nosepiece comprising a body part which comprises a base portion which defines a flow passage therethrough, and a projection at a distal end of the base portion which at least in part provides a tip of the nosepiece and confers a rigidity in the sagittal direction, which enables the tip to open fleshy tissue at an upper region of the nasal valve and thereby expand an open area of the nasal valve, and a flexibility in a lateral direction, orthogonal to the sagittal plane, which facilitates insertion of the tip into the nasal valve.

Disclosed are methods, compounds, and compositions useful for increasing autophagy and promoting longevity. The methods, compounds, and compositions relate to urolithins and urolithin precursors and use thereof. Certain urolithins are represented by Formula I, while certain urolithin precursors are represented by Formula IV. The urolithin may be urolithin A, urolithin B, urolithin C, or urolithin D. The urolithin precursor may be ellagic acid or an ellagitannin. The methods include in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro uses of the compounds and compositions.

The present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (I), (II), and (III). The provided compounds are able to bind protein kinases (e.g., SIK) and may be useful in modulating (e.g., inhibiting) the activity of a protein kinase (e.g., SIK, (e.g., SIK1, SIK2, or SIK3)) in a subject or cell. The provided compounds may be useful in treating or preventing a disease (e.g., proliferative disease, musculoskeletal disease, genetic disease, hematological disease, neurological disease, painful condition, psychiatric disorder, or metabolic disorder) in a subject in need thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits, methods, and uses that include or involve a compound described herein.

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The invention relates to a kit of parts comprising N,N-dimethyltryptamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and harmine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also provided is a composition comprising N,N-dimethyltryptamine fumarate and harmine hydrochloride. Further, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising N,N-dimethyltryptamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and harmine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

This invention relates to compounds that are agonists of the muscarinic M.sub.1 receptor and/or M.sub.4 receptor and which are useful in the treatment of muscarinic M.sub.1/M.sub.4 receptor mediated diseases. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and the therapeutic uses of the compounds. Compounds include those according to formula 1

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or a salt thereof, wherein q, r, s, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2′, R.sup.2″, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined herein.

This invention relates to compounds that are agonists of the muscarinic M.sub.1 receptor and/or M.sub.4 receptor and which are useful in the treatment of muscarinic M.sub.1/M.sub.4 receptor mediated diseases. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and the therapeutic uses of the compounds. Compounds include those according to formula 1

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or a salt thereof, wherein q, r, s, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2′, R.sup.2″, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined herein.

Substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones as NR2B receptor ligands. Such compounds may be used in NR2B receptor modulation and in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by NR2B receptor activity.

The invention provides compounds of the formula (I): (I) wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, B.sup.1, B.sup.2, X, X.sup.1, n, a and b are as defined are defined in the specification, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and the compounds for use as medicaments. The compounds potentiate AMPA receptor function and are expected to be useful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders, for example in the treatment of depressive disorders, mood disorders and cognitive dysfunction associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

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