An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for promoting sleep, that enables an increase of the sleep amounts in the overall night and in the initial stage of the night, a decrease of the sleep onset latent time, and an increase of the length of a sleep episode, and that is excellent in the stability and the safety. Another object of the present invention is to provide a food, a drug, and a feed that each include the composition for promoting sleep. The composition for promoting sleep is characterized in that the composition for promoting sleep includes a microorganism belonging to either Bifidobacterium adolescentis or Lactobacillus plantarum, or a culture thereof as an active ingredient.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for promoting sleep, that enables an increase of the sleep amounts in the overall night and in the initial stage of the night, a decrease of the sleep onset latent time, and an increase of the length of a sleep episode, and that is excellent in the stability and the safety. Another object of the present invention is to provide a food, a drug, and a feed that each include the composition for promoting sleep. The composition for promoting sleep is characterized in that the composition for promoting sleep includes a microorganism belonging to either Bifidobacterium adolescentis or Lactobacillus plantarum, or a culture thereof as an active ingredient.

The invention relates to trazodone for use in the treatment of insomnia in the pediatric population, wherein said pediatric population is affected by an Intellectual Disability or a Neurodevelopmental Disorder. The invention also relates to pediatric formulations at a trazodone concentration comprised of from 0.1 to 4% and pediatrically suitable excipients.

The invention relates to trazodone for use in the treatment of insomnia in the pediatric population, wherein said pediatric population is affected by an Intellectual Disability or a Neurodevelopmental Disorder. The invention also relates to pediatric formulations at a trazodone concentration comprised of from 0.1 to 4% and pediatrically suitable excipients.

Compounds and compositions for use as starting materials or intermediate materials in the preparation of opioids including, e.g., oxymorphone base and/or an oxymorphone salt; processes for preparing these compounds and compositions; uses of these compounds and compositions in the preparation of APIs and pharmaceutical dosage forms; and uses of said APIs and pharma ceutical dosage forms in the treatment of medical conditions.

A compound represented by general formula (I) wherein all the symbols are as defined in the specification has a selective S1P5 receptor agonist activity due to having a linker from a phenyl group to a cyclic substituent in a dihydronaphthalene skeleton; i.e., due to having a short linker of one atom or less as L in general formula (I), and can therefore serve as an agent for treating S1P5-mediated disease, e. g., neurodegenerative disease such as schizophrenia. ##STR00001##

A composition and method for treating, minimizing, or preventing sleep related conditions, such as snoring or sleep apnea. The composition, preferably in the form of a nasal spray, may comprise a decongestant, such as oxymetazoline, or pharmaceutically suitable salt thereof, one or more essential oil(s), and non-active ingredients. The composition is formulated for extended use, i.e. more than 5-7 days, without the risk of decongestant nasal spray rebound congestion.

A composition and method for treating, minimizing, or preventing sleep related conditions, such as snoring or sleep apnea. The composition, preferably in the form of a nasal spray, may comprise a decongestant, such as oxymetazoline, or pharmaceutically suitable salt thereof, one or more essential oil(s), and non-active ingredients. The composition is formulated for extended use, i.e. more than 5-7 days, without the risk of decongestant nasal spray rebound congestion.

Improved anti-CD154 antibodies are provided herein which have improved therapeutic potency, in vivo half-life and ablated FcR binding and/or complement binding/activation. The use of these antibodies for inducing tolerance and treating immune diseases including autoimmunity, inflammation, transplant recipients, fibrosis and allergic disorders is disclosed herein.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the use of a melatonin agonist in the treatment of free running circadian rhythms in patients, including light perception impaired patients, e.g., blind patients, and to methods of measuring circadian rhythm.