The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a therapeutic agent or a recurrence preventive agent for serotonergic system- or dopaminergic system-related diseases, in particular, mental dysfunction symptoms and other non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease; and a method for treating the aforesaid symptoms or preventing the recurrence of the same. A compound represented by formula (1) [wherein each symbol is as defined in the description] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can exhibit an effect of treating serotonergic system- or dopaminergic system-related diseases, in particular, mental dysfunction symptoms and other non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and/or an effect of preventing the recurrence of the same. ##STR00001##

The disclosure relates to methods for treating or preventing an Insomnia Disorder by administering to a human in need thereof a compound of formula (I), or a compound of formula (IA), (IB), or (IC), or a solvate thereof, in a daily dose of from about 0.5 mg to about 6.0 mg. In certain embodiments, such compounds effectively treat or prevent an Insomnia Disorder in the animal, while producing reduced side effects compared to previously available compounds. ##STR00001##

The disclosure relates to methods for treating or preventing an Insomnia Disorder by administering to a human in need thereof a compound of formula (I), or a compound of formula (IA), (IB), or (IC), or a solvate thereof, in a daily dose of from about 0.5 mg to about 6.0 mg. In certain embodiments, such compounds effectively treat or prevent an Insomnia Disorder in the animal, while producing reduced side effects compared to previously available compounds. ##STR00001##

Novel compounds having a D3 receptor antagonistic effect are provided. The compound represented by Formula (IA)′: ##STR00001##
wherein A is S or O; R.sup.1a is substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy or the like, R.sup.2a to R.sup.2d are each independently hydrogen atoms or the like, ring B is a 4- to 8-membered non-aromatic carbocycle or the like, R.sup.3 is each independently halogen or the like, r is an integer of 0 to 4, R.sup.4 is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclyl or the like,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Genetically engineered bacteria, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of treating or preventing autoimmune disorders, inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms in the gut, and/or tightening gut mucosal barrier function are disclosed.

N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-7H-purin-6-amine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for prevention and/or treatment of circadian rhythm disorders, circadian rhythm diseases and/or circadian rhythm dysfunctions is disclosed. The disorders, diseases and dysfunctions include, inter alia, jet-lag, social jet-lag, shift-work disorder, and circadian rhythm disturbance induced by neurodegeneration is also disclosed.

N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-7H-purin-6-amine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for prevention and/or treatment of circadian rhythm disorders, circadian rhythm diseases and/or circadian rhythm dysfunctions is disclosed. The disorders, diseases and dysfunctions include, inter alia, jet-lag, social jet-lag, shift-work disorder, and circadian rhythm disturbance induced by neurodegeneration is also disclosed.

The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound having an orexin type 2 receptor agonist activity.

A compound represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the description, or a salt thereof has an orexin type 2 receptor agonist activity, and is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of narcolepsy.

This disclosure provides cannabinoid preparations for human consumption that have proven clinical benefits in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). The preparations are made from full-spectrum hemp oil, which includes a mixture of cannabinoids that work synergistically. The hemp oil is micellized with a median particle size of 22 nm in diameter, which considerably increases intestinal absorption, resulting in higher potency and a more rapid onset of action. Taken regularly, the preparation helps improve sleep quality by lengthening the time spent in deep sleep. In patients with COVID, the improved sleep quality is accompanied by a lower risk of cytokine storm.

This disclosure provides cannabinoid preparations for human consumption that have proven clinical benefits in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). The preparations are made from full-spectrum hemp oil, which includes a mixture of cannabinoids that work synergistically. The hemp oil is micellized with a median particle size of 22 nm in diameter, which considerably increases intestinal absorption, resulting in higher potency and a more rapid onset of action. Taken regularly, the preparation helps improve sleep quality by lengthening the time spent in deep sleep. In patients with COVID, the improved sleep quality is accompanied by a lower risk of cytokine storm.