In a method of laminating a transfer layer to a substrate, a transfer layer is provided on a carrier layer. Portions of the transfer layer are selectively removed from the carrier layer using an adhesive panel by heating portions of the adhesive panel corresponding to the portions of the transfer layer, and transferring the portions of the transfer layer from the carrier layer to the adhesive panel. A transfer section of the transfer layer is then transferred from the carrier layer to a surface of the substrate by fracturing the transfer layer along an edge of the transfer section.

A display body includes lattice lines that are arranged along a plane of incidence on which light is incident. The lattice lines have properties for forming a bright image with diffracted light of the incident light in an oblique view in which the plane of incidence is viewed obliquely, and absorbing some of the incident light. The surface of each of the lattice lines includes dispersed fine step parts that are repetitive in the direction in which the lattice lines extend. The steps have an antireflection function and form a dark image in a front view directly facing the plane of incidence.

A display body includes lattice lines that are arranged along a plane of incidence on which light is incident. The lattice lines have properties for forming a bright image with diffracted light of the incident light in an oblique view in which the plane of incidence is viewed obliquely, and absorbing some of the incident light. The surface of each of the lattice lines includes dispersed fine step parts that are repetitive in the direction in which the lattice lines extend. The steps have an antireflection function and form a dark image in a front view directly facing the plane of incidence.

The invention provides methods for stably binding and immobilizing deoxyribonucleic acid onto objects and substrates. The method includes exposing the deoxyribonucleic acid to alkaline conditions, and contacting the deoxyribonucleic acid to the object or substrate. The alkaline conditions are produced by mixing the deoxyribonucleic acid with an alkaline solution having a pH of about 9.0 or higher, and contacting the deoxyribonucleic acid to the substrate. The immobilized DNA can be used as a taggant and can be used in combination with other detectable taggants, such as optical reporters. Methods for authentication of a DNA marked object are also provided.

A system and method of using the same, wherein the system comprises: an optical surface having a diffractive image generating structure disposed thereon, the diffractive image generating structure itself comprising a layer of reflective material incorporating a plurality of grooved diffractive elements each having a periodic wave surface profile, the periodic wave surface profiles each having a groove alignment direction; a source of incident electromagnetic radiation arranged to illuminate the diffractive elements at an angle of incidence substantially normal to the plane of the surface of the diffractive elements; means for polarising the radiation from the source, and means for polarising radiation reflected from the diffractive elements; wherein the diffractive elements are configured such that, in use, polarisation conversion of the incident radiation takes place, and wherein the diffractive elements are disposed in a two dimensional array of pixels to represent an image; and further wherein the means for polarising is arranged to pass incident radiation having a polarisation state of approximately 45° azimuth to the groove alignment direction, and is arranged to select a polarisation, using the means for polarising the radiation reflected from the diffractive elements, and to pass radiation of the selected polarisation to a detection point.

A system and method of using the same, wherein the system comprises: an optical surface having a diffractive image generating structure disposed thereon, the diffractive image generating structure itself comprising a layer of reflective material incorporating a plurality of grooved diffractive elements each having a periodic wave surface profile, the periodic wave surface profiles each having a groove alignment direction; a source of incident electromagnetic radiation arranged to illuminate the diffractive elements at an angle of incidence substantially normal to the plane of the surface of the diffractive elements; means for polarising the radiation from the source, and means for polarising radiation reflected from the diffractive elements; wherein the diffractive elements are configured such that, in use, polarisation conversion of the incident radiation takes place, and wherein the diffractive elements are disposed in a two dimensional array of pixels to represent an image; and further wherein the means for polarising is arranged to pass incident radiation having a polarisation state of approximately 45° azimuth to the groove alignment direction, and is arranged to select a polarisation, using the means for polarising the radiation reflected from the diffractive elements, and to pass radiation of the selected polarisation to a detection point.

The present invention discloses an optical anti-counterfeiting component and an optical anti-counterfeiting product. The optical anti-counterfeiting component comprises: a substrate; a sub-wavelength surface micro-structure and an optical reflection facet formed on an upper surface of the substrate; and a multi-layer structured coating formed on the sub-wavelength surface micro-structure and the optical reflection facet. In the case where the same multi-layer structured coating is used, a contrasting optical characteristic is formed between the region in which the sub-wavelength surface micro-structure and the multi-layer structured coating lie and the region in which the optical reflection facet and the multi-layer structured coating lie, so that the optical anti-counterfeiting component or the optical anti-counterfeiting product that includes the optical anti-counterfeiting component can be identified easily and has high anti-counterfeiting capability.

The present invention discloses an optical anti-counterfeiting component and an optical anti-counterfeiting product. The optical anti-counterfeiting component comprises: a substrate; a sub-wavelength surface micro-structure and an optical reflection facet formed on an upper surface of the substrate; and a multi-layer structured coating formed on the sub-wavelength surface micro-structure and the optical reflection facet. In the case where the same multi-layer structured coating is used, a contrasting optical characteristic is formed between the region in which the sub-wavelength surface micro-structure and the multi-layer structured coating lie and the region in which the optical reflection facet and the multi-layer structured coating lie, so that the optical anti-counterfeiting component or the optical anti-counterfeiting product that includes the optical anti-counterfeiting component can be identified easily and has high anti-counterfeiting capability.

A dielectric layer comprising an embossed surface and a flat surface which is located at a side opposite to the embossed surface is provided. The plane that approximates the flat surface is the X-Y plane, and the normal direction to the X-Y plane is the Z direction. The embossed surface has inclined surfaces that are inclined with respect to the Z direction, and the inclined surfaces reflect incident light incident on the dielectric layer and emerge reflected light. The elevation angle, which is an angle between the inclined surface and the X-Y plane, is α. The refractive index of the dielectric layer is n. These values satisfy Formula (1): sin α≤(1/n)<sin 2α.

Multilayered security devices comprising a patterned substrate over which a graphene-based coating has been applied.