A printed circuit board having an electronic component embedded is disclosed. The printed circuit board has four electrically conductive layers and three core layers formed interleavedly. By properly removing a portion of the printed circuit board, the electronic component can be exposed. It has advantages that the exposed electronic component can be a CCD, CMOS or module. When the devices mentioned are embedded in the printed circuit board, one part of them can be exposed from the printed circuit board for normal functions. The overall thickness of the printed circuit board assembly can be minimized to meet the trend of compact design of electronic products.

A printed circuit board having an electronic component embedded is disclosed. The printed circuit board has four electrically conductive layers and three core layers formed interleavedly. By properly removing a portion of the printed circuit board, the electronic component can be exposed. It has advantages that the exposed electronic component can be a CCD, CMOS or module. When the devices mentioned are embedded in the printed circuit board, one part of them can be exposed from the printed circuit board for normal functions. The overall thickness of the printed circuit board assembly can be minimized to meet the trend of compact design of electronic products.

In a general aspect, unique unclonable physical identifiers are applied and used. A method of applying the unique marker can include receiving an object having a surface feature and forming a unique marker on the surface feature of the object. The unique marker includes a distribution of elements and conforms with a morphology of the surface feature. The method further includes extracting orientation information from the unique marker. The orientation information can indicate relative spatial orientations of the respective elements. The method additionally includes generating a unique code for the object based on the orientation information. The surface feature can be facets, surface patterns, textures, or other indentations of the object. The surface feature can include a region of the object that is susceptible to tampering.

In a general aspect, unique unclonable physical identifiers are applied and used. A method of applying the unique marker can include receiving an object having a surface feature and forming a unique marker on the surface feature of the object. The unique marker includes a distribution of elements and conforms with a morphology of the surface feature. The method further includes extracting orientation information from the unique marker. The orientation information can indicate relative spatial orientations of the respective elements. The method additionally includes generating a unique code for the object based on the orientation information. The surface feature can be facets, surface patterns, textures, or other indentations of the object. The surface feature can include a region of the object that is susceptible to tampering.

This invention relates to an optical element for the purpose of identification and/or prevention of forgery or copying, including at least one layer with anisotropic optical properties, wherein the anisotropic optical properties are patterned, characterized in that the pattern represents biometric information. In addition, this invention relates to a method for the preparation of an optical element for the purpose of identification and/or prevention of forgery or copying.

This invention relates to an optical element for the purpose of identification and/or prevention of forgery or copying, including at least one layer with anisotropic optical properties, wherein the anisotropic optical properties are patterned, characterized in that the pattern represents biometric information. In addition, this invention relates to a method for the preparation of an optical element for the purpose of identification and/or prevention of forgery or copying.

This invention relates to an optical element for the purpose of identification and/or prevention of forgery or copying, including at least one layer with anisotropic optical properties, wherein the anisotropic optical properties are patterned, characterized in that the pattern represents biometric information. In addition, this invention relates to a method for the preparation of an optical element for the purpose of identification and/or prevention of forgery or copying.

A card-type medium includes a card body; an exposed component that is accommodated inside an opening formed in a front surface of the card body and is disposed so as to be partially exposed on the front surface; and a circuit board that is embedded in the card body and to which the exposed component is attached. The exposed component includes a first exposed component that is attached to the circuit board with an intermediate spacer interposed therebetween. The first exposed component and the intermediate spacer are joined together by a first conductive joining material. The circuit board and the intermediate spacer are joined together by a second conductive joining material. A joint-forming temperature of the first conductive joining material and a joint-forming temperature of the second conductive joining material are different from each other.

The present invention relates to a data carrier, especially a security document, such as an identification card, e.g. a passport or a driving license, a credit card and a bank card, the data carrier comprising authentication data comprising personalized data, and as a security feature, an array of lenticular elements being arranged to provide only from predetermined angles of view an image of at least a piece of authentication data of said authentication data. In or to make the data carrier impossible or at least very difficult to copy and forge, the array of lenticular elements is provided with a complex structure providing a further security feature.

The present invention relates to a data carrier, especially a security document, such as an identification card, e.g. a passport or a driving license, a credit card and a bank card, the data carrier comprising authentication data comprising personalized data, and as a security feature, an array of lenticular elements being arranged to provide only from predetermined angles of view an image of at least a piece of authentication data of said authentication data. In or to make the data carrier impossible or at least very difficult to copy and forge, the array of lenticular elements is provided with a complex structure providing a further security feature.