Provided are an optical anti-counterfeiting element and an anti-counterfeiting product, the optical anti-counterfeiting element comprises: a substrate (1); and a plurality of Fresnel structures (2) with preset lateral dimensions formed on the substrate (1), the plurality of Fresnel structures (2), when illuminated by a preset light source, being used to form preset graphic information in the transmission direction, and to present the preset graphic information with a relief effect in the reflection direction. The optical anti-counterfeiting element, when illuminated, reproduces a preset pattern from the transmission direction, and presents a relief effect from the reflection direction. The element improves anti-counterfeiting ability and recognition, and has a simple identification process.

An optical identifier including a recording surface, a plurality of deflection cells each of which has recorded thereon a range in which light to be diffracted is deflected, at least one spatial phase modulator which fills a space between the deflection cells on the recording surface, and a deposition layer which covers part or all of the recording surface. The deflection cells has a spatial frequency expressed in a form of a relief structure and are discretely formed on the recording surface at regular intervals away from each other. A variable color image is recorded by pixels defined by the deflection cells. The spatial phase modulator has thereon a distribution of phase differences recorded in a form of heights of the relief structure. The spatial phase modulator modulates a phase of light outputted from a point light source and displays a reproduced image.

An optical identifier including a recording surface, a plurality of deflection cells each of which has recorded thereon a range in which light to be diffracted is deflected, at least one spatial phase modulator which fills a space between the deflection cells on the recording surface, and a deposition layer which covers part or all of the recording surface. The deflection cells has a spatial frequency expressed in a form of a relief structure and are discretely formed on the recording surface at regular intervals away from each other. A variable color image is recorded by pixels defined by the deflection cells. The spatial phase modulator has thereon a distribution of phase differences recorded in a form of heights of the relief structure. The spatial phase modulator modulates a phase of light outputted from a point light source and displays a reproduced image.

A label, and methods and systems for preparing the label. The label includes a lens or lens array. The label includes at least one surface, a portion of which is embossed, and a lens array provided by the embossed portion of the at least one surface. The method includes applying a material to a substrate and contacting a surface of the material with a master engraving to provide an embossed region on a least a portion of the surface of the material, wherein the embossed region provides at least one lens.

A label, and methods and systems for preparing the label. The label includes a lens or lens array. The label includes at least one surface, a portion of which is embossed, and a lens array provided by the embossed portion of the at least one surface. The method includes applying a material to a substrate and contacting a surface of the material with a master engraving to provide an embossed region on a least a portion of the surface of the material, wherein the embossed region provides at least one lens.

A subwavelength grating displaying a colored image exhibiting a color corresponding to a grating period of a subwavelength grating in reflection directions including a specular reflection direction. A relief surface displaying a reflection image in monochromatic reflected light in reflection directions including a direction different from the specular reflection direction. An optical element has a first state in which neither a colored image nor a reflection image is displayed, a second state in which the colored image is mainly displayed, and a third state in which the reflection image is mainly displayed. A plane in which the optical element is disposed and a plane including a line of sight of an observer form an observation angle therebetween. The optical element is observed in any of the first, second and third states according to the observation angle.

A subwavelength grating displaying a colored image exhibiting a color corresponding to a grating period of a subwavelength grating in reflection directions including a specular reflection direction. A relief surface displaying a reflection image in monochromatic reflected light in reflection directions including a direction different from the specular reflection direction. An optical element has a first state in which neither a colored image nor a reflection image is displayed, a second state in which the colored image is mainly displayed, and a third state in which the reflection image is mainly displayed. A plane in which the optical element is disposed and a plane including a line of sight of an observer form an observation angle therebetween. The optical element is observed in any of the first, second and third states according to the observation angle.

A security or identification device comprises a membrane laser structure configured to be optically pumped. The membrane laser structure comprises a flexible emission layer comprising a gain material; and one or more structures formed in or associated with the flexible emission layer and configured to provide optical feedback in the emission layer to produce a laser light output having at least one property representing an identifier.

A security or identification device comprises a membrane laser structure configured to be optically pumped. The membrane laser structure comprises a flexible emission layer comprising a gain material; and one or more structures formed in or associated with the flexible emission layer and configured to provide optical feedback in the emission layer to produce a laser light output having at least one property representing an identifier.

A color developing structure that exhibits good color development and ensures a desired transmittance while diffusing reflected light in multiple directions. A color developing structure includes a concave-convex layer in which a first surface has a concave-convex structure, and a reflective layer formed on the first surface to extend along the concave-convex structure. A convex surface of the concave-convex structure has a first pattern composed of a plurality of strip portions in plan view. The strip portion has a width in a first direction and a length in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The width is smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, and a standard deviation of the lengths of the plurality of strip portions is larger than a standard deviation of the widths.