An optical effect device (300) comprising: a substrate (302) having a first surface (304) and a second surface (306); a plurality of structures (308) arranged on the first surface (304), each structure (308) having a first facet (310) and a second facet (314), the first facet (310) of each structure (308) being substantially parallel to the first surface (304) of the substrate (302), the second facet (314) of each structure (308) defining a slope with respect to the first surface (304), and the first facets (310) of the plurality of structures (308) forming a first facet set. The first facet set defines a first optical effect when the optical effect device (300) is viewed from a first viewing angle range

A printed material includes a base material, an image layer, and an adhesive layer. The image layer includes an image of a first shape. The adhesive layer has a second shape. The image layer and the adhesive layer are on opposite sides of the base material.

A method for manufacturing a visual display assembly, comprising: providing a film of transparent material comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the first surface comprising an array of lenses comprising information that is arranged so as to be capable of providing multiple images when the images are viewed from different predetermined angles through the lenses; placing a screen-printing fabric in proximity to the first surface in order to form a pattern or printed image; applying a layer of ink or varnish to the screen-printing fabric allowing the ink or varnish to pass through for placement on a portion of the first surface; wiping the ink or varnish by means of a squeegee over the screen-printing fabric.

A security element includes a first transparent film, on which a holographic layer is formed having a holographic surface structure, a reflective layer arranged in contact with the holographic layer having a pattern of non-transparent regions and transparent regions, a color changing layer, and a photoactive layer having dark regions and transparent regions. In first regions, parts of the non-transparent regions of the reflective layer are not overlapped by the dark regions of the photoactive layer. In second regions, the color changing layer is backed by the dark regions of the photoactive layer. In third regions, the transparent regions of the photoactive layer are at least partly in register with the transparent regions of the reflective layer so that the third regions are continuous when passing from patterns outside the non-transparent regions of the reflective layer to patterns outside the dark regions of the photoactive layer.

A security element includes a first transparent film, on which a holographic layer is formed having a holographic surface structure, a reflective layer arranged in contact with the holographic layer having a pattern of non-transparent regions and transparent regions, a color changing layer, and a photoactive layer having dark regions and transparent regions. In first regions, parts of the non-transparent regions of the reflective layer are not overlapped by the dark regions of the photoactive layer. In second regions, the color changing layer is backed by the dark regions of the photoactive layer. In third regions, the transparent regions of the photoactive layer are at least partly in register with the transparent regions of the reflective layer so that the third regions are continuous when passing from patterns outside the non-transparent regions of the reflective layer to patterns outside the dark regions of the photoactive layer.

The security document, such as a passport, comprises a lightguide having an incoupler structure and in outcoupler structure. The outcoupler structure is sparse in the sense that any part of the protective area is close to a part of the outcoupler structure. However, to secure a large protective area with a limited amount of incoupled light, outcoupler structure covers no more than 20% of the protective area. This allows to protect a large area of the security document, such as a photograph or other personalized information, by means of the lightguide.

The security document, such as a passport, comprises a lightguide having an incoupler structure and in outcoupler structure. The outcoupler structure is sparse in the sense that any part of the protective area is close to a part of the outcoupler structure. However, to secure a large protective area with a limited amount of incoupled light, outcoupler structure covers no more than 20% of the protective area. This allows to protect a large area of the security document, such as a photograph or other personalized information, by means of the lightguide.

A see-through security element (2), a security document (1) and a method for producing a see-through security element (2). The see-through security element has a first element with one or more transparent first partial areas and at least one reflective second partial area. The see-through security element has a second element with one or more first partial areas, which in each case in transmission form a color filter matched to a respectively assigned color, and has at least one second partial area, which is formed colorless, in particular colorless transparent, or in transmission and/or reflection forms a color filter which is matched to a color which is not assigned to any of the one or more first partial area of the second element. The first partial areas of the first element and the first partial areas of the second element at least partially overlap.

A see-through security element (2), a security document (1) and a method for producing a see-through security element (2). The see-through security element has a first element with one or more transparent first partial areas and at least one reflective second partial area. The see-through security element has a second element with one or more first partial areas, which in each case in transmission form a color filter matched to a respectively assigned color, and has at least one second partial area, which is formed colorless, in particular colorless transparent, or in transmission and/or reflection forms a color filter which is matched to a color which is not assigned to any of the one or more first partial area of the second element. The first partial areas of the first element and the first partial areas of the second element at least partially overlap.

Electronic ink paper includes: an image display area comprising a support layer, a conductive layer on the support layer, an ink layer on the conductive layer and to display an image by electrophoresis of pigment particles dispersed in an electrophoretic liquid, and a transparent surface layer to cover the ink layer; and a border to surround the image display area and including at least one edge having a tapered shape that decreases in thickness toward the outside of the border.