The present invention provides methods for the preparation of substituted heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, intermediates useful in producing them and methods for producing such intermediates and such heterocycl fused gamma-carbolines.

Methods and compositions for agonizing a type-2 orexin receptor (OX2R) in a cell determined to be in need thereof, including the general method of (a) administering to a subject a cyclic guanidinyl OX2R agonist and (b) detecting a resultant enhanced wakefulness or increased resistance to diet-induced accumulation of body fat, or abbreviated recovery from general anesthesia or jet lag.

The invention relates to the Proline-Rich Polypeptide complex (PRP) derived from the mammalian colostrum for use in the treatment of the disorders and conditions related to the alterations of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor level as well as modulation thereof, particularly disorders and conditions wherein therapeutic strategy is based on the increasing of the BDNF concentration in blood. The PRP complex is postulated to be used for nutrition of adults, young children/babies and infants to promote and preserve the proper development and function of both immune and nervous system. PRPs may be used for supplementation of modified milk and infant milk formulae to make it closer to breast milk.

The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound having an orexin type 2 receptor agonist activity. A compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof, is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of narcolepsy.

The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound having an orexin type 2 receptor agonist activity. A compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof, is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of narcolepsy.

A composition for alleviating and treating narcolepsy, contains a fermented rice bran powder as an active ingredient. The fermented rice bran powder can be obtained by mixing rice bran with a specific strain and fermenting the resulting mixture, and the composition exhibits cranial nerve stimulation and causes no cognitive impairment, thereby exhibiting an effect of waking a sleeping person, and thus can solve psychological and social problems caused by excessive daytime sleepiness and prevent feelings of shame, difficulty in interpersonal relationships, a decline in work performance and a risk of accidents. In addition, the composition is not neurocytotoxic, and thus can achieve only a desired effect without side effects.

A composition for alleviating and treating narcolepsy, contains a fermented rice bran powder as an active ingredient. The fermented rice bran powder can be obtained by mixing rice bran with a specific strain and fermenting the resulting mixture, and the composition exhibits cranial nerve stimulation and causes no cognitive impairment, thereby exhibiting an effect of waking a sleeping person, and thus can solve psychological and social problems caused by excessive daytime sleepiness and prevent feelings of shame, difficulty in interpersonal relationships, a decline in work performance and a risk of accidents. In addition, the composition is not neurocytotoxic, and thus can achieve only a desired effect without side effects.

The present invention provides methods for the preparation of substituted heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, such as Formula 2J, as shown below, intermediates useful in producing them and methods for producing such intermediates and such heterocycle fused gamma-carbolines, and as further defined herein: ##STR00001##

Described are transdermal drug delivery compositions comprising amphetamine, methods of making transdermal drug delivery compositions comprising amphetamine, and therapeutic methods of using them. In specific embodiments, the compositions are free of components with moieties that are reactive with amphetamine. In specific embodiments, the compositions are manufactured using solvents free of components with moieties that are reactive with amphetamine. Therapeutic methods using the compositions also are described.

The invention relates to the use of a H3R inverse agonist for the treatment of shift work disorder.