Providing a system that prevents decrease of attentiveness of drowsiness of a driver of a moving vehicle. A safe-driving support system is provided. The safe-driving support system comprises: a spraying device having a shape being able to be steadily placed near a driving seat of a movable body and spraying in the movable body; a mobile information processing device configured to be able to perform proximity communication with the spraying device and being able to obtain current location information via a GPS; and an information providing server providing the information processing device with information via the Internet.

A method of dosing LSD in treating patients, by assessing genetic characteristics in the patient by identifying polymorphisms of CYP2D6 before use of a composition chosen from the group consisting of LSD, analogs thereof, derivatives thereof, and salts thereof, administering the composition to the patient based on the patient genetics, wherein a 50% dose is administered in a patient with non-functional CYP2D6 compared to a dose in functional CYP2D6 individuals, and producing maximum positive subjective acute effects in the patient and/or reducing anxiety and negative effects. A method of determining a preferred dose of LSD.

The subject invention concerns materials and methods for treating and/or preventing diseases associated with accumulation of Aβ peptide in neural tissue. The subject invention also concerns materials and methods for treating and/or preventing stress disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In one embodiment, a method of the invention comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of cotinine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a person or animal in need of treatment. The methods of the invention can be used to prevent and/or treat Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The subject invention also concerns compositions that comprise cotinine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or adjuvant. The subject invention concerns materials and methods for detecting and diagnosing conditions associated with accumulation of Aβ peptide in neural tissue, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, using the chemical cotinine.

A method of inhibiting or treating chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of cotinine to a cancer patient experiencing chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction.

The present invention relates to a novel method for obtaining a pharmaceutical composition based on modafinil. This method consists of solubilizing S modafinil in a fluid in the supercritical state and then after expansion of said fluid, recovering S modafinil by causing it to be absorbed at the surface by a support appearing as granules. Said fluid may be CO.sub.2 or another solvent and the support, anhydrous lactose or mannitol. Application of the pharmaceutical composition in the cases when increased short term alertness and over a short period is required for the consumer of the pharmaceutical composition.

Provided are a food-and-drink composition, food-and-drink, and so on containing astaxanthin and/or astaxanthin-containing extract as an active ingredient. The food-and-drink composition, food-and-drink, and so on containing astaxanthin and/or astaxanthin-containing extract as an active ingredient exert actions and effects to improve dull-headedness, improve decreased concentration, improve decreased motivation, improve depressed mood, resolve frustration, reduce feeling of body heaviness, and improve decreased vigor and/or activity, in a healthy human male or female having a sense of fatigue, in particular, a sense of fatigue caused by a mental load or a sense of fatigue caused by a mental load and a physical load.

The present invention is directed to compounds according to formula,

(R.sup.2R.sup.3)-A.sup.1-c(A.sup.2-A.sup.3-A.sup.4-A.sup.5-A.sup.6-A.sup.7-A.sup.8-A.sup.9)-A.sup.10-R.sup.1,

and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof that act as ligands for one or more of the melanocortin receptors, to methods of using such compounds to treat mammals and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds.

It may be one of the aspects of the invention that a drug delivery device for delivery of two or more independently user selectable multiple doses of medicaments contained in separate cartridges of the medicament reservoirs within a single device operatively connected to a single dispense interface which may be operatively connected to a single activation button; It may be another aspect of the invention that unlocking of the user operable variable dose locking mechanism of the drug delivery device may be easily carried out by one hand operation by a lock slider unlock by the user.

The invention provides novel, multiply-substituted 1-aryl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, and related processes and intermediates for preparing these compounds, as well as compositions and methods employing these compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including depression and anxiety.

The invention provides certain nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and provides novel polymorphic forms of certain nicotine salts. In particular, nicotine salts with mucic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and crystalline polymorphic forms of nicotine 4-acetamidobenzoate, nicotine gentisate, and nicotine 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate are described. The invention further provides methods of preparation and characterization of such nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and polymorphic forms thereof. In addition, tobacco products, including smoking articles, smokeless tobacco products, and electronic smoking articles comprising nicotine salts, co-crystals, and/or salt co-crystals are also provided.