A compound having Nrf2-activating action is provided. The compound is represented by formula (I), a salt of the compound, or a solvate of the compound or salt:

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wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom; R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted group derived from a heterocycle, and the heterocycle represents thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, or a fused ring including any of these heterocycles; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 bind with each other to form —NH—CH—N—; R.sup.6 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group; A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, and A.sup.4 are identical or different and represent CH or N wherein the number of N is 1 or less; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.

The present invention relates to isoquinolinone derivatives, a method for preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-related diseases containing the same as an active ingredient. The isoquinolinone derivatives exhibit an excellent PARP-1 inhibitory effect at a concentration of nanomolar units, and further exhibit an excellent cytoprotective effect (apoptosis inhibitory effect) on ophthalmic diseases or disorders, specifically retinal disorders, and thus can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating PARP-1-related diseases, for example, ophthalmic diseases or disorders, which contains the same as an active ingredient.

The present invention relates to isoquinolinone derivatives, a method for preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-related diseases containing the same as an active ingredient. The isoquinolinone derivatives exhibit an excellent PARP-1 inhibitory effect at a concentration of nanomolar units, and further exhibit an excellent cytoprotective effect (apoptosis inhibitory effect) on ophthalmic diseases or disorders, specifically retinal disorders, and thus can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating PARP-1-related diseases, for example, ophthalmic diseases or disorders, which contains the same as an active ingredient.

Described are receptor ligands of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions for treating ocular disorders.

Described are receptor ligands of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions for treating ocular disorders.

The present invention relates to an ophthalmic preparation containing an active ingredient selected from 3-phenyl-4-propyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ol compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The eye drop according to the present invention is excellent in stability and safety and shows an excellent effect on prevention or treatment of eye diseases in such a way that an active ingredient thereof reaches a posterior segment of an eyeball simply through instillation rather than a direct injection into an eyeball.

The present invention relates to an ophthalmic preparation containing an active ingredient selected from 3-phenyl-4-propyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ol compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The eye drop according to the present invention is excellent in stability and safety and shows an excellent effect on prevention or treatment of eye diseases in such a way that an active ingredient thereof reaches a posterior segment of an eyeball simply through instillation rather than a direct injection into an eyeball.

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetic retinopathy. According to the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition can treat diabetic retinopathy by means of a single administration and thus, compared to conventional treatment methods, which require intraocular injection on a monthly basis, can reduce pain and ocular damage and infections in patients and reduce treatment costs.

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetic retinopathy. According to the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition can treat diabetic retinopathy by means of a single administration and thus, compared to conventional treatment methods, which require intraocular injection on a monthly basis, can reduce pain and ocular damage and infections in patients and reduce treatment costs.

Disclosed are a tricyclic compound as represented by general formula (I), a pharmaceutical composition containing same, and a preparation method therefor and the medical use thereof. The compound can be used for preventing and treating a variety of diseases caused by toxic aldehydes.

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