The invention provides stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations, a unit dose containing such injectable formulations, medical kits, and methods for using such injectable formulations and unit doses to treat patients suffering from pain, such as osteoarthritic knee pain. The stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations may contain, for example, capsaicin, a solubilizing agent (e.g., a polyethylene glycol ester of a (C.sub.15-C.sub.25) hydroxyalkanoic acid), an antioxidant, and water.

The invention provides stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations, a unit dose containing such injectable formulations, medical kits, and methods for using such injectable formulations and unit doses to treat patients suffering from pain, such as osteoarthritic knee pain. The stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations may contain, for example, capsaicin, a solubilizing agent (e.g., a polyethylene glycol ester of a (C.sub.15-C.sub.25) hydroxyalkanoic acid), an antioxidant, and water.

The invention provides stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations, a unit dose containing such injectable formulations, medical kits, and methods for using such injectable formulations and unit doses to treat patients suffering from pain, such as osteoarthritic knee pain. The stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations may contain, for example, capsaicin, a solubilizing agent (e.g., a polyethylene glycol ester of a (C.sub.15-C.sub.25) hydroxyalkanoic acid), an antioxidant, and water.

The invention provides stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations, a unit dose containing such injectable formulations, medical kits, and methods for using such injectable formulations and unit doses to treat patients suffering from pain, such as osteoarthritic knee pain. The stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations may contain, for example, capsaicin, a solubilizing agent (e.g., a polyethylene glycol ester of a (C.sub.15-C.sub.25) hydroxyalkanoic acid), an antioxidant, and water.

The present invention relates to 8-aryl-substituted and 8-heteroaryl-substituted 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles of the formula (I), in which A, E, G, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 and R.sup.10 are as defined in the claims, which stimulate chondrogenesis and cartilage matrix synthesis and can be used in the treatment of cartilage disorders and conditions in which a regeneration of damaged cartilage is desired, for example joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the synthesis of the compounds of the formula (I), their use as pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

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Compounds and embodiments of a method for treating and/or preventing autoimmune diseases are disclosed. The method includes administering to a subject having an autoimmune disease, such as an inflammatory bowel disease, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula I

##STR00001##

wherein X and Y independently are O or NR.sup.1; each R.sup.1 is independently H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; ring A is aryl; each R.sup.2 independently is H, alkyl, alkoxy, amide, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, or two R.sup.2 groups, taken together with the atom or atoms to which they are attached, combine to form a 4-10 membered ring system; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; and R.sup.5 is halo, cyano, or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.

Provided is an antibody or a fragment thereof, which can be specifically bound to an S3-4 ring of a voltage sensor paddle of a domain III of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.9 sub-unit, and is able to inactivate a voltage sensor valve to keep sodium ions from entering nerve cells normally. Also provided is an epitope polypeptide specifically bound to the antibody or the fragment thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or the fragment thereof, and a use of the antibody or the fragment thereof in preparing a drug for treating and diseases related to pains.

Provided is an antibody or a fragment thereof, which can be specifically bound to an S3-4 ring of a voltage sensor paddle of a domain III of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.9 sub-unit, and is able to inactivate a voltage sensor valve to keep sodium ions from entering nerve cells normally. Also provided is an epitope polypeptide specifically bound to the antibody or the fragment thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or the fragment thereof, and a use of the antibody or the fragment thereof in preparing a drug for treating and diseases related to pains.

Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against C5 that inhibits terminal complement activation, showed activity in a preliminary 12-week open-label trial in a small cohort of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The present study examined whether chronic eculizumab therapy could reduce intravascular hemolysis, stabilize hemoglobin levels, reduce transfusion requirements, and improve quality of life in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center global Phase III trial. It has been found that eculizumab stabilized hemoglobin levels, decreased the need for transfusions, and improved quality of life in PNH patients via reduced intravascular hemolysis. Chronic eculizumab treatment appears to be a safe and effective therapy for PNH.

Compounds comprising R-G-Cysteic Acid (i.e., R-G-NHCH(CH.sub.2SO.sub.3H)COOH or Arg-Gly-NHCH(CH.sub.2SO.sub.3H)COOH) and derivatives thereof, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers, multimers, cyclic forms, linear forms, drug-conjugates, pro-drugs and their derivatives. Also disclosed are methods for making and using such compounds including methods for inhibiting integrins including but not necessarily limited to .sub.5.sub.1-Integrin, .sub.v.sub.3-Integrin and .sub.v.sub.5-Integrin, inhibiting cellular adhesion to RGD binding sites, preventing or treating viral or other microbial infections, inhibiting angiogenesis in tumors, retinal tissue or other tissues or delivering other diagnostic or therapeutic agents to RGD binding sites in human or animal subjects.