The present invention provides methods for enhancing transmucosal uptake of a medicament, e.g., fentanyl or buprenorphine, to a subject and related devices. The method includes administering to a subject a transmucosal drug delivery device comprising the medicament. Also provided are devices suitable for transmucosal administration of a medicament to a subject and methods of their administration and use. The devices include a medicament disposed in a mucoadhesive polymeric diffusion environment and a barrier environment.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

The invention provides stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations, a unit dose containing such injectable formulations, medical kits, and methods for using such injectable formulations and unit doses to treat patients suffering from pain, such as osteoarthritic knee pain. The stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations may contain, for example, capsaicin, a solubilizing agent (e.g., a polyethylene glycol ester of a (C.sub.15-C.sub.25) hydroxyalkanoic acid), an antioxidant, and water.

The invention provides stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations, a unit dose containing such injectable formulations, medical kits, and methods for using such injectable formulations and unit doses to treat patients suffering from pain, such as osteoarthritic knee pain. The stable, aqueous capsaicin injectable formulations may contain, for example, capsaicin, a solubilizing agent (e.g., a polyethylene glycol ester of a (C.sub.15-C.sub.25) hydroxyalkanoic acid), an antioxidant, and water.

The disclosure relates to inhibitors of USP7 inhibitors useful in the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, immunological disorders, inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic diseases, viral infections and diseases, and bacterial infections and diseases, having the Formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.5, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, n, and m are described herein.

Compounds of Formula I:

##STR00001##

or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or solvates or prodrugs thereof, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c, R.sup.d, X, Y, B, and Ring C are as defined herein, and wherein the YB moiety and the NHC(X)NH moiety are in the trans configuration, are inhibitors of TrkA kinase and are useful in the treatment of diseases which can be treated with a TrkA kinase inhibitor such as pain, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and certain infectious diseases.

The invention disclosed herein is a process for increasing the desired concentration of a pharmaceutically active ingredient relative to fill composition viscosity for dosage units. The process is particularly useful in the preparation of soft gelatin capsules containing pharmaceutically active ingredient. As a result of the process, lesser quantities of inactive ingredients are needed to accomplish the same therapeutically effective dosage, thereby significantly increasing the concentration of the pharmaceutically active ingredient resulting in either a reduction in overall fill volume and dosage unit size or an increase in concentration of pharmaceutically active ingredient per unit dosage form.

The invention relates to spiro derivatives, to the use of said derivatives in treating diseases and conditions mediated by modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels, to compositions containing said derivatives and processes for their preparation.

Heterocyclic entities that modulate PI3 kinase activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing the heterocyclic entities, and methods of using these chemical entities for treating diseases and conditions associated with PI3 kinase activity are described herein.

Disclosed herein are topical formulations comprising about 0.001 to about 3 wt % detomidine or a salt thereof; and, a carrier that is suitable for topical administration to a subject's skin, wherein the carrier optionally comprises a water-miscible solubilizer that is present in an amount of up to 40% by weight of the formulation; wherein the formulation has a pH of 4.5 to 9, and, wherein the formulation provides prolonged, substantially non-systemic treatment for pain. Also provided are methods for providing prolonged, non-systemic treatment for pain in a subject in need thereof comprising topically administering to the subject the presently disclosed topical formulations.