The present invention provides new methods and kits for treating IBS; treating IBS in females; treating IBS in older subjects; and treating IBS in non-white subjects.

This disclosure provides compositions and methods for controlling pain. In particular the disclosure provides a method for controlling pain comprising co-administration of an NGF antagonist and a TNF antagonist. The NGF antagonist and the TNF antagonist can be separate molecules or part of a multifunctional polypeptide, e.g., a multispecific binding molecule that comprises an NGF antagonist domain and a TNF antagonist domain. This disclosure also provides multifunctional polypeptides, e.g., multispecific binding molecules, comprising an NGF antagonist domain, and a TNF antagonist domain. The method provides improved pain control. Administration of an NGF antagonist and a TNF antagonist as provided herein can control pain in the subject more effectively than an equivalent amount of the NGF antagonist or the TNF antagonist administered alone.

Disclosed herein is a ready-to-use liquid formulation comprising ropivacaine, epinephrine, clonidine, and ketorolac (collectively referred to as RECK). Also disclosed herein is a process for preparing the RECK-containing liquid formulation, as well as methods for using the same.

Disclosed herein is a ready-to-use liquid formulation comprising ropivacaine, epinephrine, clonidine, and ketorolac (collectively referred to as RECK). Also disclosed herein is a process for preparing the RECK-containing liquid formulation, as well as methods for using the same.

The present invention provides water-soluble acetaminophen prodrugs and formulations which may be suitable for parenteral administration. Methods of treating a disease or condition responsive to acetaminophen (such as fever and/or pain) using the acetaminophen prodrugs, as well as kits, unit dosages, and combinations with additional pharmaceutical agent(s) are also provided.

The present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and -(methylsulfonyl)alkylamine or -(methylsulfonyl)alkylamide. The present invention is also directed to a method for treating inflammation, inflammatory-related disorders, or pain, by administering -(methylsulfonyl)alkylamine or -(methyl sulfonyl)alkylamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof to a subject in need thereof.

Provided herein are compositions comprising substantially non-viable Gram-negative bacterial organisms that have a substantial reduction in endotoxin activity and/or pyrogenicity and methods for treating a cancer using the same. Also provided are methods for treating cancer provided herein, comprising administering to a mammal diagnosed with cancer, substantially non-viable Gram-negative bacteria having a substantial reduction in endotoxin activity and/or pyrogenicity, in an amount sufficient to inhibit growth or metastasis of the cancer. An additional method is provided comprising administering viable or non-viable Gram-negative bacterial organisms that have a genetic defect that results in a substantial loss of lipopolysaccharide within the outer membrane of the bacteria. Further provided are methods for reducing endotoxin activity and/or pyrogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria comprising treatment with polymyxin and glutaraldehyde.

Compounds comprising R-G-Cysteic Acid (i.e., R-G-NHCH(CH.sub.2SO.sub.3H)COOH or Arg-Gly-NHCH(CH.sub.2SO.sub.3H)COOH) and derivatives thereof, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers, multimers, cyclic forms, linear forms, drug-conjugates, pro-drugs and their derivatives. Also disclosed are methods for making and using such compounds including methods for inhibiting integrins including but not necessarily limited to .sub.5.sub.1-Integrin, .sub.v.sub.3-Integrin and .sub.v.sub.5-Integrin, inhibiting cellular adhesion to RGD binding sites, preventing or treating viral or other microbial infections, inhibiting angiogenesis in tumors, retinal tissue or other tissues or delivering other diagnostic or therapeutic agents to RGD binding sites in human or animal subjects.

The present invention relates to methods for reversing maladaptations involving the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype 2 (CRFR2). It is postulated that in functional somatic syndrome (FSS), a group of diseases with overlapping symptoms, including systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis), and several others, this receptor is up-regulated and relocated to the neuronal membranes of key regions of the brain including the raphe nuclei, the limbic system and the cortex. This configuration leads to a dysfunctional stress response. According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for reversing CRFR2 maladaptations includes the sustained stimulation of the receptor over a period of time to bring about a persistent receptor endocytosis, resulting in measurable symptom improvement.

A method of treating an inflammatory bowel disease is provided. The method comprises administration of an antibody polypeptide that specifically binds a novel epitope of human CD40. The antibody polypeptides do not exhibit CD40 agonist activity. The antibody polypeptides may be fusions of a domain antibody (dAb) comprising a single V.sub.L or V.sub.H domain and an Fc domain.