Described herein are RNA-based antisense therapeutics to target antibiotic resistant bacteria. The antisense therapeutics disclosed herein can be useful in re-sensitizing drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics, as well as developing antibiotics that have bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects on the drug-resistant bacteria or are capable of preventing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Also described herein are methods for re-sensitizing a subject to one or more antibiotics in need thereof, methods for identifying target genes involved in adaptive antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and methods for developing antibacterial antisense therapeutics.

Methods of treating subjects having a proliferative disease, disorder, or condition, including cancer, via the administration of an IL-10 agent, including pegylated IL-10, in combination with an antibody capable of inducing anti-body-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, are provided.

Provided herein are materials and methods useful for reducing, preventing, and/or inhibiting germination of C. perfringens spores, including methods for inhibiting C. perfringens germination to reduce necrotizing enteritis (NE, also referred to as necrotic enteritis) in animals. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) including primary and recurrent CDI. In particular, the compositions and methods described herein are capable of achieving a CDI clearance rate of at least 80% through a single oral dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a freeze-dried fecal microbiota preparation.

Knockout of the meningococcal mltA homolog gives bacteria that spontaneously release vesicles that are rich in immunogenic outer membrane proteins and that can elicit cross-protective antibody responses with higher bactericidal titres than OMVs prepared by normal production processes. Thus the invention provides a bacterium having a knockout mutation of its mltA gene. The invention also provides a bacterium, wherein the bacterium: (i) has a cell wall that includes peptidoglycan; and (ii) does not express a protein having the lytic transglycosylase activity MltA protein. The invention also provides compositions comprising vesicles that, during culture of bacteria of the invention, are released into the culture medium.

The present invention generally relates to the field of detecting and preventing infectious diseases caused by Enterococcus faecalis and/or Enterococcus faecium. More specifically, the invention relates to an Enterococcus faecalis and/or Enterococcus faecium antigen which comprises at least one unit having the following general formula:

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Described herein is a cyclodextrin containing polymer conjugate.

Combinations of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist and a beta 2 agonist for inhaled administration via the nose or mouth, and methods of using them are provided.

Compounds of formula I and their metabolites are potent mediators of an inflammatory response:

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where a, b, c, d, e, f, V, W, X, Y, R.sup.a, R.sup.a′, R.sup.b, R.sup.b′, R.sup.c, and R.sup.c′ are defined herein. In particular, the compounds of the invention are candidate therapeutics for treating inflammatory conditions.

Disclosed are methods related to identifying an essential gene which serves as an antibiotic target in a bacterium.