The present application provides compounds, such as compounds of Formula Ia, which are inhibitors of aminoacyl tRNA-synthetase (e.g., prolyl-tRNA-synthetase), and which are useful for treating disorders associated with aminoacyl tRNA-synthetase activity and/or expression. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds are also provided. ##STR00001##

Compositions comprising an isolated peptide, which may for example optionally comprise a sequence selected from the group consisting of FDYDWY (SEQ ID NO: 2), SFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLKN (SEQ ID NO: 3) or CSFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLKNC (SEQ ID NO: 1), or any cyclized version thereof, and methods of using same, including for treatment of or prevention of formation of microbial biofilms and against adhesion of a cell to a surface.

The invention provides compounds for use in inhibiting a microbial alternative oxidase (AOX) and/or cytochrome bc.sub.1 complex. The invention extends to the use of such inhibitors in agrochemicals and in pharmaceuticals, for treating microbial infections, including fungal infections.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and their use in methods for treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject using a compound of Formula (I). The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a protozoan infection in a subject. The invention further provides a medical device when used in a method of treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject and to a medical device comprising the composition of the invention.

The present invention provides immune stimulating peptides (immunorhelins) capable of activating GnRH receptors when administered to animal or human patients or cells. These immunorhelins have utility in treating intracellular bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections.

The present invention provides a multi-drug-loading site and high drug-loading capacity ligand-drug conjugate. The ligand-drug conjugate has a structure of general formula (I). The ligand-drug conjugate has the characteristics of high loading capacity, high drug efficacy, low toxicity, and low risks. The ligand-drug conjugate can be used particularly to connect to a low toxicity chemical molecule, thereby extending a therapeutic window. Furthermore, the present invention provides an antibody-drug conjugate molecule. The antibody-drug conjugate molecule has the characteristics of multiple drug-loading ability and high drug-loading capacity, such that the antibody-drug conjugate can carry a large amount of a low toxicity chemical molecule and achieve a therapeutic effect without depending on antibody targeting or high toxicity chemicals.
TM-{R.sup.2-PEG1-[R.sup.1-PEG2-(R.sup.3-A′-D).sub.n].sub.m}.sub.l  (I

The present disclosure provides variant immunomodulatory polypeptides, and fusion polypeptides comprising the variant immunomodulatory peptides. The present disclosure provides T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptides, and compositions comprising same, where the T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptides comprise a variant immunomodulatory polypeptide of the present disclosure. The present disclosure provides nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptides, and host cells comprising the nucleic acids. The present disclosure provides methods of modulating the activity of a T cell; the methods comprise contacting the T cell with a T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptide of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides variant immunomodulatory polypeptides, and fusion polypeptides comprising the variant immunomodulatory peptides. The present disclosure provides T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptides, and compositions comprising same, where the T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptides comprise a variant immunomodulatory polypeptide of the present disclosure. The present disclosure provides nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptides, and host cells comprising the nucleic acids. The present disclosure provides methods of modulating the activity of a T cell; the methods comprise contacting the T cell with a T-cell modulatory multimeric polypeptide of the present disclosure.

The present invention relates to antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to PD-1, and to methods of using such antibodies and antigen-binding fragments. For example, the present invention provides humanized anti-PD-1 antibodies and methods of use thereof.

Provided is a use of usnic acid or a salt of usnic acid or a formulation thereof in the preparation of anti-avian coccidiosis drugs or feed additives. Also provided are anti-avian coccidiosis drugs and feed additives comprising usnic acid or a salt of usnic acid or a formulation thereof. Both the use of usnic acid or a salt of usnic acid or a formulation thereof in the preparation of anti-avian coccidiosis drugs or feed additives and anti-avian coccidiosis drugs and feed additives comprising usnic acid or a salt of usnic acid or a formulation thereof provide a new way for treating and preventing avian coccidiosis. The addition of Usnea or usnic acid or a salt of usnic acid or a formulation thereof to feedstuff may realize effective anti-avian coccidiosis.