Provided is a novel compound that has an excellent β-lactamase inhibitory effect. More specifically, provided is a compound represented by formula (1a), (1b) or (11) having an excellent β-lactamase inhibitory effect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. By using this compound either in combination with a β-lactam drug or alone, a useful preventive or therapeutic agent for bacterial infections is provided. Also provided are useful preventive or therapeutic agents for treating various diseases with the combined use of the aforesaid compound and β-lactam drugs.

A method of managing non-infective nasal symptoms may include combining a steroid with a diluent, and acetylcysteine, azelastine, or theophylline. The combined ingredients may be mixed to formulate a topical composition for intranasal irrigation or nebulization. The steroid may include fluticasone, budesonide, or methylprednisolone.

A method of managing non-infective nasal symptoms may include combining a steroid with a diluent, and acetylcysteine, azelastine, or theophylline. The combined ingredients may be mixed to formulate a topical composition for intranasal irrigation or nebulization. The steroid may include fluticasone, budesonide, or methylprednisolone.

The method of the present application is directed towards a method for suppressing an allergic response in response to an allergic trigger. This method comprises the following steps; applying, topically, to an affected area an effective amount of a minocycline composition so that the minocycline composition contacts the affected area for an effective amount of time and removing the minocycline composition from the affected area.

The present invention relates to a composition wherein olopatadine is stably dissolved and a process thereof.

The present invention provides highly effective and safe means capable of preventing or treating an egg allergy in infants. An oral immunotolerance agent or a food composition for preventing or treating an egg allergy according to the present invention contains a degraded product of heat-denatured egg white with an aspartic protease (e.g. pepsin) or a metal protease (e.g. thermolysin).

The present invention provides highly effective and safe means capable of preventing or treating an egg allergy in infants. An oral immunotolerance agent or a food composition for preventing or treating an egg allergy according to the present invention contains a degraded product of heat-denatured egg white with an aspartic protease (e.g. pepsin) or a metal protease (e.g. thermolysin).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of MSCs can be used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in canines and felines. In a second aspect, the MSCs or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of MSCs can be used as an immunomodulating agent during the acute and/or the chronic phase of the AD inflammatory reaction in canines and felines diagnosed with or suffering from atopic dermatitis. In a last aspect, a pharmaceutical composition comprises peripheral blood-derived MSCs.

The present invention provides a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having an inhibitory effect on the production of kynurenine, represented by formula (I):

##STR00001##

(wherein
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or the like,
R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, and R.sup.11 may be the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or the like,
R.sup.1 represents lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl, or the like, and
R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group).

The present disclosure relates to the field of nanomedicine, in particular for treating cancers. The present disclosure more specifically provides new methods of treating undesirable M2-polarized macrophages and/or inducing M1 macrophage polarization in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of nanoparticles containing metallic elements.