Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

The present invention relates to novel compounds that can act as antidotes for treating “Acute Cannabinoid Overdose” produced by classical cannabinoids such as Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and several synthetic psychoactive cannabinoids (SPCs). The cannabis constituent THC exerts its psychotropic effects via CB1 receptor activation and SPCs mimic the effects of THC with higher potency and severe neurotoxicity. Compounds disclosed in this invention, their enantiomers, diastereomers, geometric isomers, racemates, tautomers, rotamers, atropisomers, metabolites, N-oxides, salts, solvates, hydrates, isotopic variations and their polymorphic forms can be therapeutically useful in an emergency setting for counteracting the intoxicating effects of acute THC ingestion and SPC overdose. Also, aspects of the invention are concerned with pyrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, thiazoles, oxazoles, dihydropyrazoles, pyrrolidinones, azetidines, oxyazetidines and azaspiro[3.3]heptanes with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for treating “Acute Cannabinoid Overdose”.

The present invention relates to novel compounds that can act as antidotes for treating “Acute Cannabinoid Overdose” produced by classical cannabinoids such as Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and several synthetic psychoactive cannabinoids (SPCs). The cannabis constituent THC exerts its psychotropic effects via CB1 receptor activation and SPCs mimic the effects of THC with higher potency and severe neurotoxicity. Compounds disclosed in this invention, their enantiomers, diastereomers, geometric isomers, racemates, tautomers, rotamers, atropisomers, metabolites, N-oxides, salts, solvates, hydrates, isotopic variations and their polymorphic forms can be therapeutically useful in an emergency setting for counteracting the intoxicating effects of acute THC ingestion and SPC overdose. Also, aspects of the invention are concerned with pyrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, thiazoles, oxazoles, dihydropyrazoles, pyrrolidinones, azetidines, oxyazetidines and azaspiro[3.3]heptanes with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for treating “Acute Cannabinoid Overdose”.

The invention provides methods of treating α-galactosidase A deficiency. Dosage forms, methods of administration, and methods of analyzing human α-galactosidase A are also included.

The invention provides substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl carboxamide and related organic compounds, compositions containing such compounds, medical kits, and methods for using such compounds and compositions to treat medical disorders, e.g., Gaucher disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, dementia, or multiple system atrophy, in a patient. Exemplary substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl carboxamide compounds described herein include substituted 2-heterocyclyl-4-alkyl-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-8-carboxamide compounds and variants thereof.

Described herein is the surprising discovery that ketone bodies protect cell and tissues from ionizing radiation. Based on this finding, methods of protecting animal tissue and cells from damage caused by radiation exposure are disclosed which include, contacting the tissue with a therapeutically effective amount of an agent including at least one ketone ester, thereby protecting the tissue from radiation damage. Ketone esters can be used to minimize, reduce and/or prevent tissue damage following intentional and accidental radiation exposure, as well as increasing the therapeutic efficacy of radiation therapies by protecting non-target tissue from incidental radiation damage.

This invention relates to, in part, compositions of beta-lactamases and methods of using these enzymes in, for example, gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) disorders such as C. difficile infection (CDI).

Compositions and methods are provided for therapeutic treatment using recombinant Hemopexin molecules having sufficient sialyation and/or absence of neutral glycans to allow for sufficient circulation to remove free heme from a biological organism. In other embodiments, a recombinant Hemopexin molecule is provided for therapeutic treatment having a percentage of neutral glycans to total glycans in a range of from about 2 to about 30 percent as measured by HPLC after labelling with fluorescent probe 2-aminobenzoic acid. Methods of treatment and making a recombinant Hemopexin molecule are also described.

The present invention relates to antibodies and antigen-binding portions thereof that specifically bind to a M-CSF, preferably human M-CSF, and that function to inhibit a M-CSF. The invention also relates to human anti-M-CSF antibodies and antigen-binding portions thereof. The invention also relates to antibodies that are chimeric, bispecific, derivatized, single chain antibodies or portions of fusion proteins. The invention also relates to isolated heavy and light chain immunoglobulins derived from human anti-M-CSF antibodies and nucleic acid molecules encoding such immunoglobulins. The present invention also relates to methods of making human anti-M-CSF antibodies, compositions comprising these antibodies and methods of using the antibodies and compositions for diagnosis and treatment. The invention also provides gene therapy methods using nucleic acid molecules encoding the heavy and/or light immunoglobulin molecules that comprise the human anti-M-CSF antibodies. The invention also relates to transgenic animals and transgenic plants comprising nucleic acid molecules of the present invention.

The present invention concerns methods of treating systemic, regional, or local inflammation from a patient suffering or at risk of inflammation comprising administration of a therapeutically effective dose of a sorbent that sorbs an inflammatory mediator in said patient. In some preferred embodiments, the sorbent is a biocompatible organic polymer.