The present invention provides for compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.1, L.sup.1, G.sup.1, R.sup.x, and R.sup.y have any of the values defined thereof in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful as agents in the treatment of diseases and conditions, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of formula (I).

The invention relates to compositions of nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives and their methods of use. The invention also relates to methods of preparing nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives. The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and nutritional supplements containing a nicotinamide mononucleotide derivative. The invention relates to methods of using nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives that promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cells and tissues for treating diseases and improving cell and tissue survival.

GAL(1-15) and analogues thereof for use in the prevention and/or treatment of alcohol-related effects and disorders. The present invention relates to the use of galanin(1-15), which has the general formula Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Gly-Pro-His-Ala or GWTLNSAGYLLGPHA, or an analogue thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, solvate, or hydrate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition or kit comprising any of same, for use in the prevention and/or treatment of alcohol-related effects and disorders, especially the use thereof to reduce alcohol consumption.

GAL(1-15) and analogues thereof for use in the prevention and/or treatment of alcohol-related effects and disorders. The present invention relates to the use of galanin(1-15), which has the general formula Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Gly-Pro-His-Ala or GWTLNSAGYLLGPHA, or an analogue thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, solvate, or hydrate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition or kit comprising any of same, for use in the prevention and/or treatment of alcohol-related effects and disorders, especially the use thereof to reduce alcohol consumption.

Proteins that bind IL-1α and IL-1β are described along with their use in compositions and methods for treating, preventing, and diagnosing IL-1-related disorders and for detecting IL-1α and IL-1β in cells, tissues, samples, and compositions.

The present invention relates to methods for treating neuromuscular junction-related diseases. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of treating a neuromuscular junction-related disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering the subject with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3).

The present invention relates to a method of reducing or preventing the symptoms associated with the intake of alcohol. The method comprises administering to a subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition prior to alcohol intake. The pharmaceutical composition comprises a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a H.sub.1-antihistamine.

The invention relates to compositions of nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives and their methods of use. The invention also relates to methods of preparing nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives. The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and nutritional supplements containing a nicotinamide mononucleotide derivative. The invention relates to methods of using nicotinamide mononucleotide derivatives that promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cells and tissues for treating diseases and improving cell and tissue survival.

The present disclosure relates to a method of modulating the half-life of a binding domain specific to a serum carrier protein by mutating the sequence and a modulated binding domain specific to a serum carrier protein.

A protein scaffold based on a consensus sequence of fibronectin type III (FN3) proteins, such as the tenth FN3 repeat from human fibronectin (human Tenascin), including isolated nucleic acids that encode a protein scaffold, vectors, host cells, and methods of making and using thereof have applications in diagnostic and/or therapeutic compositions, methods and devices. In particular, protein scaffold molecules binding to IgG have been identified as useful for diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications.