Aluminum wheels include a rim and a disc having a mounting portion. The mounting portion includes an inner mounting face and an outer mounting face. The mounting portion also includes a coarse grain region and a fine grain region. The coarse grain region can be adjacent, and at least partially form, one of the inner mounting face or the outer mounting face. The coarse grain region includes aluminum alloy grains of a first average grain length that is greater than 1 mm. The fine grain region extends between the coarse grain region and the other of the inner mounting face or the outer mounting face. The fine grain region includes aluminum alloy grains of a second average grain length that is less than 0.5 mm.

Aluminum alloys described herein include silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, and chromium. In various implementations, the aluminum alloys also include one or more of zinc and titanium. Typically, a total amount of iron and manganese in the aluminum alloys is no less than 0.28% by weight and no greater than 0.45% by weight, and the grains in the aluminum alloys have an average grain length of no greater than 6 mm. Aluminum alloy billets can be forged for wheel production at selected temperatures.

A coating film having excellent adhesion, even without the presence of a chemical conversion film treatment as an undercoat, and a metal automotive part having the coating film. A powder is deposited by powder-coating onto the surface of a metal automotive part that has been quenched after simultaneously forging, and tempering the metal automotive part and bake-hardening the deposited powder to form a skin film on the surface of the metal automotive part. The surface of the metal automotive part before the powder is powder-coated thereon is a work-hardened material surface that has not been subjected to a chemical conversion filming treatment.

In some examples, an aircraft wheel assembly includes an axle, a bearing assembly, and a hub defining a bearing bore. The bearing bore may be configured such that the dynamic radial and axial thrust bearing reactions between the axle and the hub results in a first reaction force F.sub.R applied to the hub, the first reaction force F.sub.R having a radial component, and a second reaction force F.sub.N applied to the hub, the second reaction force F.sub.N having both a radial and an axial component.

A manufacturing method for a wheel disc, includes forming a flange portion, wherein the flange portion is formed such that an inner mold and an outer mold having a cylindrical inner surface with a first inside radius larger than the first outside radius and placed above the inner mold coaxially to the inner mold are brought close relative to each other in an axial direction by one stroke so that the outer edge of the disc material is bent downward, and the cylindrical inner surface of the outer mold is provided with recessed portions hollowed outwardly in a wheel radial direction, the recessed portions being formed in ranges corresponding to the window portions in the wheel circumferential direction and in a range from a middle position to a bottom end in the wheel axial direction.

The present invention concerns a wheel construction as well as a method for making such a wheel construction for e.g. a construction or agricultural machine, such as a tractor, wherein the wheel construction at least includes a wheel rim made up of a rim ring for mounting a first tire and further includes a hub plate which at its outer periphery is fixed to the rim ring at a distance X1 from an annular edge thereof, and extending internally in the first rim ring between the rim ring and the central axis of the first wheel rim (rotary axis of the wheel rim), the first hub plate at an inner periphery including a number of holes and a contact face for mechanical and detachable fixing to either a central hub plate or directly to a hub of a vehicle.

A bicycle rim comprises a base member, a cover member, and a spoke attachment member. The base member includes a truss structure that defines at least one opening. The cover member at least partly covers the at least one opening of the base member. The spoke attachment member is a separate member from the base member and the cover member. The spoke attachment member is non-rotatably attached to the base member.

A road wheel for a tracked vehicle includes a first rim half and a second rim half operatively connected to the first rim half. The first rim half includes at least a first portion that is angled away from the second rim half. The second rim half includes at least a first portion that is angled away from the first rim half. A hollow cavity is formed between the first portion of the first rim half and the first portion of the second rim half.

A number of variations may include a product including a substrate comprising a metal comprising an etched region and a first layer comprising a clear coat overlying the etched region wherein the etched region is constructed and arranged to improve filiform corrosion resistance on the substrate.

In one aspect, a method for forging a vehicle wheel with three-dimensional features may include steps of utilizing toe-clamps and center collets to reduce chatter marks and the effects of vibrations and harmonics; employing a parametric CNC program which allows for feed rates and spindle RPM speeds that are specific to the process of the vehicle wheel design; utilizing end-mills, bull-nose end-mills, ball-mills, chamfer tools, V-tools, custom rivet tools, and other commonly used CNC milling tools to machine the sides of the spokes on the wheels; utilizing a coolant to operate the CNC machine; providing a tool to make the three-dimensional features on the wheel; cleaning the wheel to remove coolant and debris remaining on the wheel; and painting selected areas of the wheel.