A process for depositing, with forward progression, graphene on the surface of a metallic or metallized continuous reinforcer, at the periphery of which is positioned a layer of surface metal chosen from copper, nickel and copper/nickel alloys, comprises at least one stage of flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), under a reducing atmosphere, of a carbon precursor which generates, in the flame, at least one carbon-based gas such as carbon monoxide which is sprayed onto the surface of the reinforcer in forward progression, and is decomposed thereon to form one or more graphene layers at the surface of the surface metal; an additional stage of graphene functionalization makes it possible to adhere the reinforcer to a polymer matrix such as rubber.

This disclosure is to provide a brass-plated steel wire for reinforcing a rubber article, which is capable of improving the initial adhesiveness, heat-resistant adhesiveness and initial adhesion rate. This disclosure is a brass-plated steel wire for reinforcing a rubber article, wherein: when measured with XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), an outermost surface contains zinc at an amount of 4.8 atom % or less, phosphorus at an amount of 0.5 atom % or more, and oxygen at an amount of 50 atom % or less; and in the outermost surface, an atomic ratio of copper to zinc is 1 to 6.

This disclosure is to provide a brass-plated steel wire for reinforcing a rubber article, which is capable of improving overvulcanization adhesiveness. This disclosure is a brass-plated steel wire for reinforcing a rubber article, wherein: when measured with XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), an outermost surface contains zinc at an amount of 4.93 to 14 atom %, and contains oxygen at an amount of 50 atom % or less; and in the outermost surface, an atomic ratio of copper to zinc is more than 2.33 and 6 or less.

Disclosed is a tire-reinforcing steel cord for a radial tire. The tire-reinforcing steel cord has a double layer structure including a first-layer core and a second-layer core provided on the surface of the first-layer core. The first-layer core has an elliptical or rectangular cross section. The tire-reinforcing steel cord can improve processability, fatigue characteristics, and rolling resistance performance of a tire, resulting in improved fuel efficiency. A radial tire using the tire-reinforcing steel cord is also disclosed.

Provided is a resin-metal composite material that ensures high adhesion between a resin material and a metal material. Additionally provided is a tire that achieves high durability by using the resin-metal composite material. The resin-metal composite material includes a metal material and a resin material that coats at least a part of the surface of the metal material. The resin material includes, as a main component, a thermoplastic resin having a polar group. The surface of the metal material is treated with a buffer solution having a pH of from 5 to 7.2, and an abundance ratio of copper to a total amount of copper and zinc (Cu/(Cu+Zn)100) in the surface of the metal material is from 55 to 95% by mass. The tire includes a circular tire frame formed of a resin material and a reinforcing layer composed of a reinforcing member wound around an outer circumference of the tire frame, in which the reinforcing member includes the resin-metal composite material.

Provided is a tire comprising at least one reinforcement layer in a tread portion, wherein the reinforcement layer includes a reinforcement element 2 consisting of a plurality of metal filaments 1 that are aligned in a single row without being twisted together, and crosslinked rubber 3 coating the reinforcement element 2, and the metal that constitutes the metal filaments 1 is steel whose surface is coated with a ternary plating of copper, zinc, and iron. This tire has a reinforcement layer with excellent adhesive durability between the steel cord and its coating crosslinked rubber and high fuel efficiency.

A pneumatic vehicle tire having a strength member ply comprising steel monofilaments having a cross-sectional area of 98 mm.sup.2 to 125 mm.sup.2 per meter of strength member ply, the steel has a carbon content of at least 0.86% by weight. To improve rolling resistance the monofilaments have a brass coating having a copper content of 61% by weight to 70% by weight and a zinc content of 30% by weight to 39% by weight, in that the monofilaments have a linear density of 92 g/100 m to 105 g/100 m, and the monofilaments each have a tensile density Td of 34 MPa/(g/100 m) to 39 MPa/(g/100 m). The strength member ply has an areal strength AS of 109 Nmm.sup.2 to 166 Nmm.sup.2, and the rubber material has a breaking elongation of 300% to 450%.

Shape memory alloy elements (SMAs) are bonded, encased, or encapsulated with one or more polymers to form an integrated component with unique elastic, pseudoelastic, and load-bearing properties.