A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) and multiple studs (100) in the tread (210) such that at least pins (110) of the studs (100) are exposed on the tread (210). The tyre (200) is configured such that a load index (LI) of the tyre (200) as defined in The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization Standards Manual (2023) table G.7 is from eighty-six to one hundred sixteen (from 86 to 116). The tyre (200) is further configured such that a road wear of the tyre (200) as measured according to the standard SFS7503:2022:en is less than the value calculatable by the polynomial formula 0.000139LI.sup.2+0.0431LI1.90.

In order to suppress the dimensions and mass of an aircraft tire from becoming uneven around the tire circumferential direction, an aircraft tire includes: a belt layer provided further to a tire radial direction outside than a carcass; and a sheet shaped belt protection member that is wound around a tire circumferential direction TC between a tread section and the belt layer, and that includes incision portions incised along a tire width direction TW, with the incision portions formed at uniform intervals around the tire circumferential direction TC.

A pneumatic tire includes a belt layer, a belt reinforcing layer in which a plurality of reinforcing cords are arranged, four main grooves, and land portions comparted by the four main grooves, wherein in the case that the belt reinforcing layer is partitioned into five areas in a tire width direction by the four main grooves, an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in the fifth area is higher than that of the reinforcing cord in the first area, and an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in the second area is higher than that of the reinforcing cord in the fourth area, and wherein protruding portions having protruding heights in proportion to the arrangement densities are provided on ground surfaces of the land portions which are positioned outside in the tire diametrical direction in the areas having the higher density than that of the third area.

The invention relates to a fastening apparatus for fastening a measuring sensor such as a tire pressure sensor within a tire cavity on a vehicle rim, in particular a utility vehicle rim, comprising a band-shaped tensioning belt which carries a receiving device for the measuring sensor.

The fastening apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the tensioning belt is produced from a material shrinking with the supply of heat, such that the tensioning belt shortens its length under heat supply.

A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass layer, a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction, and a tread rubber disposed on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction. The belt layer is formed by laminating a pair of cross belts having a belt angle, as an absolute value, of not less than 10 and not more than 45 and having a belt angles of mutually opposite signs, and a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle within a range of 5 with respect to a tire circumferential direction. A tread width TW and a total tire width SW have a relationship such that 0.79TW/SW0.89.

Provided is a pneumatic tire in which rolling resistance is reduced by gauge thinning of a belt, and a reduction in durability in an end of a belt layer and the deterioration of the moist heat resistive adhesiveness of the belt layer are suppressed. Each of the thickness of a first belt layer 5a and the thickness of a second belt layer 5b in the center section of the tire is 1.00 mm or less; when the shortest distance between the code 6b of the second belt layer 5b and the code 6a of the first belt layer 5a in the center section of the tire is set at a, and the shortest distance between the code 6b of the second belt layer 5b in an end and the code 6a of the first belt layer 5a is set at b, a and b satisfy a relationship represented by the following expression: 1.8 b/a4.0; and a coating rubber 7 that coats the first belt layer 5a and the second belt layer 5b includes: a rubber component including natural rubber; a resin component; and a sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator.

A multilayer laminate, which is usable as a reinforcing element for a finished article or for a semifinished product made of rubber, such as a tire, includes at least one polymer film having, in any tensile direction in the film's plane, a Young's modulus that is greater than 500 MPa. The film is positioned between and in contact with two layers formed of a rubber composition, such as natural rubber. Each layer formed of the rubber composition exhibits, in a crosslinked state, a secant modulus that, in extension at 10% elongation, is greater than 30 MPa, with between 30 and 150 MPa being preferable for the secant modulus.

Tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of two working crown layers having unequal axial widths, layer C of rubber compound between ends of the working crown layers, layer S of polymer compound in contact with at least one working crown layer and in contact with the carcass reinforcement and the crown reinforcement comprising a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements arranged radially between two working crown layers. Distance d between the end of the axially narrowest working layer and the working layer separated from the axially narrowest working layer by the layer C is 1.1<d<2.2, being the diameter of the reinforcing elements of the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements, in a meridian plane. The thickness of layer C is substantially constant and the complex dynamic shear modulus G*, measured at 10% and 60 C. on the return cycle, of layer S is greater than 1.35 MPa.

Aeroplane tire (1) comprises a working reinforcement (2) radially between tread (3) and carcass reinforcement (4). Working reinforcement (2) includes a working biply (21) comprised of the zigzag circumferential winding of strip (5) of width W onto a cylindrical laying surface (6) of radius R, with its axis of revolution being axis of rotation (YY) of the tire, in a periodic curve (7) with period P and forming angle A with circumferential direction (XX) of the tire in equatorial plane (XZ) of the tire. The winding of strip (5) comprises N periods P of curve (7) over T circumferences 2R of surface (6). N is a whole number which satisfies the following conditions: (a) N*(W/sin A)=2R, (b) N*P=2R*T, where T is a whole number, (c) N*T is the lowest common multiple of N and T,
and the ratio T/N is at least equal to 1.8 and at most equal to 2.2.

A tire (10) comprises a crown block (12), two beads (32), and two sidewalls (30) connecting each bead (32) to the crown block (12). The crown block (12) comprises a crown reinforcement (16) comprising a corrugated crown layer (24, 26, 28) comprising corrugations. The tire (10) comprises a sidewall insert (90) comprising a rigid elastomeric composition (92, 93, 94) of which the radially exterior end (96) is arranged: radially to the outside of the equator (E) of the tyre, and axially to the inside of the axial end (241, 242) of the radially innermost crown layer (24) of the crown reinforcement (16) and at an axial distance ENG20 mm from the axial end (242).