A normal rim 48 includes a flange 54. The flange 54 forms an outer circumferential bent surface 60 that is bent with a radius Rr of curvature. A first reference line L1 represents a straight line that extends through a center point Pr of the radius Rr, and that is tilted by an angle of 45. In a state where the tire is inflated to a normal internal pressure and is under 120% of a normal load, Te represents a thickness from an inner cavity surface to an outer surface of the clinch, Tf1 represents a thickness of a filler, Tc1 represents a thickness of the clinch, Ta1 represents a thickness obtained by the thickness Tf1 and the thickness Tc1 being added, and the thicknesses are measured along the first reference line L1, and a ratio (Ta1/Te) of the thickness Ta1 to the thickness Te is greater than 0.4.

A bicycle rim has rim a pair of rim flanges that defines a tire channel. A rim strip extends across the tire channel. The rim strip includes a pair of flange bumpers configured to cover the rim flanges. The flange bumpers each define a flange channel in which one of the rim flanges is received. A pair of safety humps define corresponding tire seating sections where a tire is seated when inflated. The rim strip further includes a drop seal that seals with the beads of the tire to facilitate seating of the tire during inflation.

Aircraft tire (1) comprising two beads (2). In each bead (2) portion (8) comprises surface layer (9) in contact with rim (3) via radially interior bead face (4) and having a shear stiffness K.sub.1. Portion (8) comprises a rigid layer (10), radially on the outside of and adjacent to the surface layer (9), having a shear stiffness K.sub.2 at least equal to five times the shear stiffness K.sub.1 of the surface layer (9), and a deformable layer (11), radially on the outside of and adjacent to the rigid layer (10) and radially on the inside of and adjacent to the carcass reinforcement portion (5) radially on the inside of the bead wire (7), having a shear stiffness K.sub.3 at most equal to 0.3 times the shear stiffness K.sub.1 of the surface layer (9).

A bicycle rim has rim a pair of rim flanges that defines a tire channel. A rim strip extends across the tire channel. The rim strip includes a pair of flange bumpers configured to cover the rim flanges. The flange bumpers each define a flange channel in which one of the rim flanges is received. A pair of safety humps define corresponding tire seating sections where a tire is seated when inflated. The rim strip further includes a drop seal that seals with the beads of the tire to facilitate seating of the tire during inflation.

A run-flat tire comprises a tread portion, sidewall portions, bead portions, and a carcass ply extending between the bead portions. The sidewall portions are each provided therein with a sidewall reinforcing rubber layer having a crescent-shaped cross sectional shape and disposed on the axially inside of the carcass ply. The sidewall portions are each provided in the axially outer surface thereof with a rim protector which projects radially outward most on the radially outside of the radially inner edge of the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer. The bead portions are each provided therein with an axially inside core and an axially outside core between which each radially inner edge portion of the carcass ply is secured. When measured along a normal line drawn normally to the carcass ply from an apex of the rim protector, the thickness of the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer is in a range of from 29% to 35% of the thickness of the tire.

A bicycle wheel rim design with high safety margin and optimized strength-to-weight is described. The rim provides a tire bead supporting platform which defines a circumferential bead seat with minimum bead seat diameter equal to the standard tire bead diameter defined for a particular size of tire. Each tire bead seat defined along the rim circumference is comprised by a pair of circumferential ridges. The circumferential ridges comprise the external sidewalls of the rim and do not include tire bead hook features, and are of optimized sidewall thickness to add load strength and lateral stiffness, and resist crushing from impact. The interior ridges are increased diameter towards the medial plane of the rim to a value greater than the specified tire bead diameter. Given this geometry, the left lateral and right lateral of each tire bead is safely constrained within the defined bead seats under a wide variety of uses.

A tire vulcanizing mold for molding an unvulcanized tire into a pneumatic tire having a bead part with a bead heel part is provided with a side part ring for molding at least the bead part. A circumferential groove part extending in the tire circumferential direction is formed on a tire molding surface of the side part ring in a heel molding region for molding the bead heel part, the side part ring is divided into a side ring and a bead ring that abuts against the side ring, the division position of the tire molding surface of the side ring and the tire molding surface of the bead ring is located in the groove bottom of the circumferential groove part, and the cross-sectional shape of the circumferential groove part tapers toward the groove bottom.

An adapter for a rolling assembly comprising a tire having two beads (B), a rim (J) with two rim seats (7), said adapter connecting one of the beads and the rim. The adapter has an axially inner end (10) comprising inner reinforcer element (16), and an axially outer end (15) comprising outer reinforcer element (15), respectively mounted on a rim seat (7). Body (11) connects said outer end (9) to said inner end (10). Main reinforcement connects said outer reinforcer (15), and said inner reinforcer (16), a substantially cylindrical adapter seat (18) receiving one of said beads (B), an adapter bearing face (21) substantially contained in a plane perpendicular to the rion otataxis. The reinforcer element (15) of the axially outer end (9) is entirely situated axially outside the bearing face (21), and in that the body (11) comprises, opposite the adapter seat (7), an annular seat reinforcer (19).

An adapter for a rolling assembly having a rotation axis and comprising a tire having two beads, a rim, said adapter having an axially inner end to be mounted on the rim seat and comprises an inner reinforcer element, an axially outer end to be mounted on the rim seat and comprises an outer reinforcer element, a body that connects said outer end to said inner end so as to form a single piece and comprises a main reinforcement connecting said outer reinforcer and said inner reinforcer, a substantially cylindrical adapter seat receiving one of said beads, an adapter bearing face substantially contained in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. The reinforcer of the axially outer end is entirely outside the bearing face, and the body comprises, opposite the adapter seat, an annular seat reinforcer having a compression modulus greater than or equal to 1 GPa.