A pneumatic vehicle tire, in particular a commercial-vehicle tire, having a one- or multi-ply carcass, a multi-ply belt or breaker and having a profiled tread with grooves formed to a profile depth, wherein the profiled tread is provided at the tire shoulders either with a respective block row (2) or with a respective profile rib (7), wherein the blocks (1) of the shoulder-side block rows (2), or the shoulder-side profile ribs (7) each have a peripheral edge (1a, 7a) laterally delimiting the ground contact patch of the tire, or a shoulder rounding with a radius of up to 30.0 mm, wherein shoulder flank surfaces that extend in a radial direction adjoin the peripheral edges or the shoulder roundings, and wherein, in the case of shoulder roundings, an imaginary section line is defined between an envelope of the tread that is continued beyond the shoulder rounding and the shoulder flank surface that is continued beyond the shoulder rounding. The shoulder flank surfaces are provided, at in particular regular intervals over the tire circumference and within a distance (a) of 1.25 times to 2.5 times the profile depth from the respective peripheral edge (1a, 7a) or, in the case of shoulder roundings, from the imaginary section line, with at least one areal recess (6, 6′, 6″) having a depth (t) of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, which contains ribs (5) that extend parallel to one another and have a height (h) such that the ribs (5) do not project beyond the level of the shoulder flank surfaces.

A pneumatic vehicle tire, in particular a commercial-vehicle tire, having a one- or multi-ply carcass, a multi-ply belt or breaker and having a profiled tread with grooves formed to a profile depth, wherein the profiled tread is provided at the tire shoulders either with a respective block row (2) or with a respective profile rib (7), wherein the blocks (1) of the shoulder-side block rows (2), or the shoulder-side profile ribs (7) each have a peripheral edge (1a, 7a) laterally delimiting the ground contact patch of the tire, or a shoulder rounding with a radius of up to 30.0 mm, wherein shoulder flank surfaces that extend in a radial direction adjoin the peripheral edges or the shoulder roundings, and wherein, in the case of shoulder roundings, an imaginary section line is defined between an envelope of the tread that is continued beyond the shoulder rounding and the shoulder flank surface that is continued beyond the shoulder rounding. The shoulder flank surfaces are provided, at in particular regular intervals over the tire circumference and within a distance (a) of 1.25 times to 2.5 times the profile depth from the respective peripheral edge (1a, 7a) or, in the case of shoulder roundings, from the imaginary section line, with at least one areal recess (6, 6′, 6″) having a depth (t) of 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm, which contains ribs (5) that extend parallel to one another and have a height (h) such that the ribs (5) do not project beyond the level of the shoulder flank surfaces.

A braking system (4) for an aircraft wheel (2) comprises first and second brake rotor discs (20a, 20b) axially spaced along an axis (A) and rotationally coupled to the wheel (2), a stator disc (24) arranged axially between the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b), and a heat shield (34) mounted to at least one of the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b). Radially outer portions (30) of the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b) extend radially outwardly of the stator disc (24) to define a gap (32) between the radially outer portions (30) of the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b). The heat shield (34) extends at least partially over or into the gap (32).

A tire that can attach and detach and that can prevent splash when running a wet road and cool discharging a heat is provided. The tire having a tread and a shoulder portion connected to the tread includes a protector portion provided in a circumferential direction at a side surface of the shoulder portion and in which a plurality of penetration portions are formed at a predetermined gap in a length direction; a plurality of protruding portions provided in the protector portion and formed at a predetermined gap in a length direction of the protector portion; and a plurality of installation grooves formed at a side surface of the shoulder portion such that the protruding portion attaches or detaches when the protruding portion enters or discharges.

A tire that can attach and detach and that can prevent splash when running a wet road and cool discharging a heat is provided. The tire having a tread and a shoulder portion connected to the tread includes a protector portion provided in a circumferential direction at a side surface of the shoulder portion and in which a plurality of penetration portions are formed at a predetermined gap in a length direction; a plurality of protruding portions provided in the protector portion and formed at a predetermined gap in a length direction of the protector portion; and a plurality of installation grooves formed at a side surface of the shoulder portion such that the protruding portion attaches or detaches when the protruding portion enters or discharges.

Methods are provided for optimizing usage of water harvested or generated on-board a vehicle. An amount of water selected for injection or spraying purposes, as well as an order of water injection responsive to various vehicle operating conditions, is varied based on the amount of water to be delivered, as well as a current water level relative to a predicted future water level. The method allows water usage benefits to be maximized particularly when water availability is limited.

Methods are provided for optimizing usage of water harvested or generated on-board a vehicle. An amount of water selected for injection or spraying purposes, as well as an order of water injection responsive to various vehicle operating conditions, is varied based on the amount of water to be delivered, as well as a current water level relative to a predicted future water level. The method allows water usage benefits to be maximized particularly when water availability is limited.

A braking system (4) for an aircraft wheel (2) comprises first and second brake rotor discs (20a, 20b) axially spaced along an axis (A) and rotationally coupled to the wheel (2), a stator disc (24) arranged axially between the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b), and a heat shield (34) mounted to at least one of the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b). Radially outer portions (30) of the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b) extend radially outwardly of the stator disc (24) to define a gap (32) between the radially outer portions (30) of the first and second rotor discs (20a, 20b). The heat shield (34) extends at least partially over or into the gap (32).

An object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic tire capable of facilitating heat dissipation of a tread portion thereof to lower temperature at the tread portion. Specifically, the present invention provides a pneumatic tire having in a tread surface at least one circumferential groove extending in the tire circumferential direction and plural lateral grooves, the lateral grooves each opening to the circumferential groove, having a wider groove width than the circumferential groove and extending to be inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction, comprising: a recessed portion formed in a groove wall, facing the corresponding lateral groove, of the circumferential groove; and at least one projecting portion formed at a groove bottom of the circumferential groove between the recessed portions adjacent to each other in the tire circumferential direction.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic tire capable of facilitating heat dissipation of a tread portion thereof to lower temperature at the tread portion. Specifically, the present invention provides a pneumatic tire having in a tread surface at least one circumferential groove extending in the tire circumferential direction and plural lateral grooves, the lateral grooves each opening to the circumferential groove, having a wider groove width than the circumferential groove and extending to be inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction, comprising: a recessed portion formed in a groove wall, facing the corresponding lateral groove, of the circumferential groove; and at least one projecting portion formed at a groove bottom of the circumferential groove between the recessed portions adjacent to each other in the tire circumferential direction.