Disclosed herein are hydraulic actuators and methods for the operation of actuators having variable relative pressure ratios. Further disclosed are methods for designing and/or operating a hydraulic actuator such that the actuator exhibits a variable relative pressure ratio. In certain embodiments, the relative pressure ratio of the hydraulic actuator may be dependent on one or more characteristics (such as, for example, frequency or rate of change) of an oscillating input to the hydraulic actuator.

An anti-roll wheel suspension system for vehicles includes a first suspension spring and a first damper arranged to be connected to a first wheel, and a second suspension spring and a second damper arranged to be connected to a second wheel. The system further includes a centre part operatively connected to the first suspension spring and the first damper, and operatively connected to the second suspension spring and the second damper. The centre part is arranged between the first suspension spring and the second suspension spring, and between the first damper and the second damper. The centre part is movably arranged in a transverse direction. The centre part, when moving in the transverse direction upon activation from the first wheel and/or the second wheel, is configured for impacting the stiffness of the first suspension spring and/or the second suspension spring.

A tilt control system for a sidecar and a motorcycle. The tilt control system can include a main frame, a tilting frame, and an actuator. The actuator can be coupled to the main frame and to the tilting frame, and can be configured to control tilting of the tilting frame relative to the main frame. The tilt control system can include a sensor, and a controller in communication with the actuator and the sensor. The controller can be configured to determine an operating parameter based on sensor data received from the sensor, compare the operating parameter to a threshold criteria, and cause the actuator to control the orientation of the tilting frame relative to main frame, based on the comparison of the operating parameter to the threshold criteria.

A rear suspension for a three-wheeled reverse trike includes a front lever arm pivotably affixed to a frame pivotable about a front lever arm pivot axis. A slider is translatably attached to the front lever arm. A first pushrod is pivotably connected at a first end to the slider and pivotably connected at a second end to at least one of a front upper or lower control arms for the front wheels. A rear lever arm is pivotably affixed to the frame and pivotable about a rear lever arm pivot axis, the rear lever arm extending to a rear lever arm distal end. A rod pivotably connects the front and lever arms. A first pivotable end of the rear upper control arm is pivotably connected to the rear lever arm distal end, and a second pivotable end of the rear upper control arm is pivotably connected to a rear spindle.

Disclosed herein are hydraulic actuators and methods for the operation of actuators having variable relative pressure ratios. Further disclosed are methods for designing and/or operating a hydraulic actuator such that the actuator exhibits a variable relative pressure ratio. In certain embodiments, the relative pressure ratio of the hydraulic actuator may be dependent on one or more characteristics (such as, for example, frequency or rate of change) of an oscillating input to the hydraulic actuator.

An air management system for a vehicle having a first pneumatic circuit and a second pneumatic circuit, in which the first and second pneumatic circuits are pneumatically connected in a neutral position via a cross-flow mechanism. The first pneumatic circuit includes a first leveling valve configured to adjust independently the height of a first side of the vehicle. The second pneumatic circuit includes a second leveling valve configured to adjust independently the height of a second side of the vehicle. The first and second leveling valves are configured to establish pneumatic communication between the first and second pneumatic circuits when the first leveling valve is not independently adjusting the height of the first side of the vehicle and the second leveling valve is not independently adjusting the height of the second side of the vehicle.

A vehicle has left and right suspension arms operatively connecting left and right ground-engaging members to the vehicle's frame. An anti-roll bar assembly operatively connects the left and right suspension arms. The anti-roll bar assembly includes: an anti-roll bar having left and right end portions operatively connected to the left and right suspension arms, and at least one anti-roll bar connection assembly connecting a middle portion of the anti-roll bar to the frame. Each of the at least one anti-roll bar connection assembly includes: an elastomeric insert mounted to the anti-roll bar, the elastomeric insert engaging the anti-roll bar such that an inner surface of the elastomeric insert rotates together with the anti-roll bar; and a mounting bracket connected to the frame and at least partly enclosing the elastomeric insert, an outer surface of the elastomeric insert being rotatably fixed relative to the mounting bracket.

A vehicle that can reduce change in the toe angle of a rear wheel in a toe-out direction at the time of a braking force being provided by the vehicle. A coupling point between a vehicle frame and a trailing arm is defined as a first coupling point. A coupling point between the trailing arm and a lateral arm is defined as a second coupling point. A coupling point between the lateral arm and a frame rear section is defined as a third coupling point. A straight line connecting the first coupling point and the second coupling point is defined as a first straight line. A straight line connecting the second coupling point and the third coupling point is defined as a second straight line. With those definitions, an angle between the first straight line and the second straight line in a plan view of the vehicle is 90 degrees or greater.

A suspension control system includes: a suspension that couples a sprung structure and an unsprung structure of a vehicle; a stabilizer; and a control unit configured to estimate a stroke speed, wherein the vehicle includes first wheels and second wheels, the suspension includes first suspensions provided for the first wheels and second suspensions provided for the second wheels, the stabilizer includes a first stabilizer bar that couples the first suspensions, the control unit includes: indirect stabilizer force calculation unit configured to calculate an indirect stabilizer force received by each of the second suspensions in conjunction with a posture change of the sprung structure; sum calculation unit configured to calculate a sum of forces acting on each of the second suspensions; and an observer configured to receive the sum and output an estimation value of a stroke speed of each of the second suspensions.

An active suspension control unit may include an actuator having an active roll stabilization (ARS) structure to variably adjust response characteristics of a suspension, and a controller for determining a driving situation of a vehicle through information input from a sensor, and determining a final desired control value of the actuator based on a desired relative suspension vertical force value set in advance according to the driving situation and a difference value generated by a difference between left and right wheel's relative suspension vertical velocities.