Self-steering axle assembly has an axle with central tube having a longitudinal central axis. A king pin is connected with an end portion of the axle. A knuckle is connected with the king pin. The knuckle includes a torque plate section. A first arm of the knuckle extends from a side of the torque plate section and receives a first end portion of the king pin. A second arm extends from the torque plate section in the same direction as the first arm. The second arm receives a second end portion of the king pin. A spindle is friction welded to the torque plate section and has a longitudinal central axis. The torque plate section has at least one surface on the torque plate section extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the spindle. A tool engages the surface during friction welding of the spindle to the torque plate section. The relative locations of the axle, spindle and king pin enable an air disc brake actuator to avoid contact with components of the heavy-duty vehicle during steering and with the ground and debris.

An outdoor power equipment unit having a frame including at least one laterally-extending structural member and at least a pair of opposite, longitudinally-extending side structural members, a first front wheel assembly, and a second front wheel assembly. The unit also includes a first pair of substantially parallel, laterally-extending suspension arms pivotally coupled to the first front wheel assembly to form a first 4-bar linkage arrangement, and a second pair of substantially parallel, laterally-extending suspension arms pivotally coupled to the second front wheel assembly to form a second 4-bar linkage arrangement. The unit further includes at least one longitudinally-extending first side suspension arm coupled to the first front wheel assembly and to a first one of the longitudinally-extending side structural members, and at least one longitudinally-extending second side suspension arm coupled to the second front wheel assembly and to a second one of the longitudinally-extending side structural members.

A suspension for a vehicle includes a pair of opposing upper and lower control arms that longitudinally locate an axle along the frame. The upper and lower control arms include first ends pivotably mounted to the ends of the axle at upper pivotable axle joints and a second lower pivotable axle joints, respectively. The upper and lower control arms include second ends that are pivotably mounted to frame hanger brackets at upper and lower pivotable hanger joints, respectively. The frame hanger bracket are laterally interposed between an upper and lower hanger joint so that an upper pivotable hanger joint is on one side of each frame hanger and a lower pivotable hanger joint is on an opposite side of the each frame hanger.

A tilting vehicle having a steering system actively steering a front axle and a rear axle having two wheels that can be deflected individually in a vertical manner with respect to a vehicle body and that are independent of the steering system. The wheels of the rear axle can be steered by passive steering device configured to generate a steering force because of a vertical deflection of the wheels as the vehicle body tilts to one side. The steering force causing wheels to steer towards the opposite side.

A system and method for independent suspension for a mower, including a frame having a front structural member and respective side structural members, a first front wheel assembly, and a second front wheel assembly. The system also includes a first suspension arm pair having a first suspension arm and a second suspension arm, each pivotably coupled at one end to the front structural member and at another end to the first wheel front assembly such that the second suspension arm is vertically offset from the first suspension arm. The system also includes a second suspension arm pair having a third suspension arm and a fourth suspension arm, each pivotably coupled at one end to the front structural member and at another end to the second front wheel assembly such that the fourth suspension arm is vertically offset from the third suspension arm.

A steering centering/damping mechanism for a steerable heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension system which includes a mechanically operated structure that provides a positive steering centering force to the axle/suspension system at a zero steer angle. The mechanically operated structure of the steering centering/damping mechanism also provides a positive steering centering force that increases in intensity as the steer angle of the axle/suspension system increases. In an embodiment of the steering centering/damping mechanism, the mechanically operated structure is a flat spring integrated into one or more steering assemblies of the axle/suspension system. The flat spring is in a pre-loaded condition at a zero steer angle to provide the positive steering centering force to the axle/suspension system at the zero steer angle, and is increasingly elastically deformed with increasing steer angles to provide the positive steering centering force which increases in intensity as the steer angle of the axle/suspension system increases.

The invention concerns an axle unit, in particular for use in utility vehicles with a hydraulic or compressed air system, comprising an axle tube and an actuation unit, wherein the axle tube has a receiving opening, wherein the actuation unit has a cylinder, a piston rod and a piston, wherein the piston divides a chamber of the actuation unit into a first chamber region and a second chamber region, wherein the piston rod is in engagement with the piston and is designed such that it can be brought into engagement with a leg of the axle unit in order to transmit a force to the leg, wherein the actuation unit is arranged in the receiving opening of the axle tube and is secured against moving transversely relative to a tube axis and at least in one direction parallel to the tube axis.

An apparatus for measuring the steering angle of a wheel assembly including a suspended wheel mount and at least one suspension arm, the apparatus including a reference bracket, a rotating bracket and an angle sensor, the reference bracket and the rotating bracket each respectively including a measurement end and a mounting end, wherein the measurement ends of the reference and rotating brackets are rotatably coupled about a rotation coupling point such that the brackets can rotate with respect to one another, wherein the mounting end of the rotating bracket is coupled with the suspended wheel mount and the mounting end of the reference bracket is coupled with the suspension arm, and wherein the mounting end of the reference bracket is positioned on a plane defined by a steering axis of the suspend-wheel mount and a rotation axis between the suspension arm and the suspended wheel mount.

A front unit of a motor vehicle includes a transverse beam forming a casing with a steering rack and having, at ends of the transverse beam, protuberances arranged to be fixed to a receiving structure of the vehicle. The front unit also includes two suspension arms, each positioned at one of the ends of the transverse beam and each having at least one first and one second pivot joint. The transverse beam includes a fixing interface to receive a single pivot joint of each of the suspension arms.

A vehicle suspension assembly includes providing an axle assembly having a first end including a first mounting structure and a second end, providing a first bearing block and a second bearing block, forming a first aperture in the first bearing block and a second aperture in the second bearing block, attaching the first and second bearing blocks to the first mounting structure subsequent to forming the first and second apertures; and providing a first spindle assembly coupled to the first mounting structure by a first spherical bearing located within the first aperture and a second spherical bearing located within the second aperture, wherein a first kingpin assembly extends through the first and second spherical bearings, thereby coupling the first spindle with the first mounting structure.