A bush may include: a second inner pipe forming a central protrusion in a central section of the second inner pipe; and an outer pipe forming a third protrusion at a first inner side and a fourth protrusion at a second inner side. In particular, the third and fourth protrusions are arranged outside of the central protrusion.

An axle assembly that includes first and second hanger brackets and at least one cross brace. The first and second hanger brackets may be spaced apart from each other and may be adapted to be mounted to a chassis of a vehicle. The cross brace may extend from the first hanger bracket to the second hanger bracket.

Provided are a suspension bushing and a suspension device with which maneuvering stability can be improved without adversely affecting ride quality. Protrusions are formed on the outer circumferential surface of an inner tube, and slits are formed on the inner circumferential surface of an outer tube. The protrusions are arranged in the slits and have a tapered shape in which their width in a direction parallel to an axial line decreases as the distance from the axial line increases. The slits have a shape such that a gap in the direction parallel to the axial line decreases as the distance from the axial line increases.

The thickness of one of a pair of panels (an inner panel (20) and an outer panel (30)) of each trailing arm (12) is greater than the thickness of the other panel, and a rear wheel support unit (an axle unit (51)) configured to support each rear wheel is coupled to one of the pair of panels (the inner panel (20) and the outer panel (30)).

A torsion beam of a coupled torsion beam axle may include an external beam having a first cross-section in which an external protrusion of a middle end portion of the external beam is formed to protrude toward upward in a longitudinal direction of the external beam, and external skirt portions are vertically extended along the longitudinal direction at both end portions of the external protrusion; and an internal beam having a second cross-section in which an internal protrusion of a middle end portion in the internal beam is inserted into the external beam to face the external protrusion of the external beam, and internal skirt portions are extended in a vertical direction at both end portions of the internal protrusion, and each external surface of the internal skirt portions and each internal surface of the external skirt portions are surface-bonded in a mutually matched state. A gap is formed between an external surface of the internal protrusion and an internal surface of the external protrusion to form a closed cross-section.

A coupled torsion beam axle apparatus of a vehicle includes: a left torsion bar and a right torsion bar arranged in an internal space of the torsion beam so to be separated from each other in a horizontal direction of a torsion beam. Torsion stiffness of the torsion beam is tuned by replacing the left torsion bar and the right torsion bar, and particularly, warping stiffness is tuned by changing a position where the left torsion bar is coupled to the torsion beam and a position where the right torsion bar is coupled to the torsion beam.

Provided is a steering function-equipped hub unit for steering a rear wheel configured to be supported by a suspension device including a torsion beam and a pair of trailing arms. The hub unit includes: a turning shaft-equipped hub bearing including a turning shaft extending in a vertical direction and configured to rotatably support the rear wheel; a unit support member supporting the turning shaft-equipped hub bearing such that the turning shaft-equipped hub bearing is rotatable about a turning axis; and a steering actuator separate from the unit support member and configured to rotationally drive the turning shaft-equipped hub bearing. The steering actuator is attached to the suspension device at a position higher than a lowermost surface of the torsion beam and between a rotation support part of the suspension device and the turning shaft-equipped hub bearing.

An automotive component manufacturing method includes a molding process of pressing a portion of a hollow tube formed from a metal material, or a composite material including a metal and a resin, so as to deform the portion of the hollow tube, from a tube outer side toward a tube inner side, to beyond an axial center of the hollow tube, and mold the portion of the hollow tube into a deformed section deformed with a concave profile; and a deformation process of deforming a location having a high level of residual stress in a closed cross-section configured by the deformed section so as to deform the location out-of-plane.

A utility vehicle comprises a plurality of ground engaging members and a frame supported by the plurality of ground engaging members. The frame includes a front frame portion, a mid-frame portion, and a rear frame portion. The utility vehicle further comprises an attachment supported at the front frame portion. Additionally, the utility vehicle includes an operator area supported by the frame and including an operator seat and an adjacent passenger seat spaced apart from the operator seat. The operator seat and the passenger seat are in a side-by-side arrangement. The utility vehicle also comprises an auxiliary power assembly having an attachment shaft configured to be operably coupled to the attachment. The attachment shaft extends in a generally longitudinal direction of the utility vehicle and projects outwardly from the front frame portion.

The twist axle assembly includes a pair of trailing arms that are spaced apart from one another in a first direction. The twist axle assembly also includes a twist beam, which has an open shaped cross-sectional shape, that extends in the first direction between a pair of opposing end portions. The open cross-sectional shape of the twist beam includes a base and a pair of side walls. The end portions of the twist beam are fixedly attached with the trailing arms. A pair of beam reinforcements are fixedly attached with the trailing arms and with the base of the twist beam. The beam reinforcements are fixedly attached with the twist beam through at least one of fasteners, adhesives, resistance spot welding, cold metal transfer welding, laser welding, and brazing.