An air suspension system, comprising a manifold, defining a first and second port, each port defining a receiving region at the second end, wherein the first and second ports are arranged in a common plane, a channel intersecting the first and second port, a cavity intersecting each port, and a pressure sensor port, positioned between the first and second port, defining a sensor insertion axis normal to the common plane, the pressure sensor port separated from the first port, the second port, and the channel by a thickness; a first and second solenoid valve, each solenoid valve arranged within the cavity and coaxially arranged with the first and second ports, each solenoid valve comprising a connector; a pressure sensor arranged within the pressure sensor port, the pressure sensor comprising a connector; and an electronics module arranged parallel the common plane, the electronics module configured to electrically couple to the connectors.

An isolation portion for a suspension member may include a substantially monolithic material configured to couple to a connected end of each of a first link and second link of the suspension member. The substantially monolithic material may be configured to dampen a vibration between the first link and the second link.

A terminal sealed portion is formed on an end portion of a hollow rod made of steel. An enclosed space is formed on an inner side of the hollow rod. At an end of the enclosed space, a terminal gap is formed. A volatile powdered rust inhibitor is supplied in the enclosed space. As the volatile powdered rust inhibitor is vaporized, the enclosed space is turned into a rust-inhibiting atmosphere. As the vaporized component of the volatile powdered rust inhibitor is adsorbed to an inner surface of the enclosed space, an inner surface rust-inhibiting film is formed. The vaporized component also enters inside the terminal gap, and forms a terminal rust-inhibiting film.

On an end portion of a hollow rod, which is a material of a hollow coil spring, a terminal sealed portion is formed. The terminal sealed portion has a rotationally symmetric shape in which an axis passing through the center of the rod is a symmetric axis. The terminal sealed portion includes an end wall portion, and a distal-end-center closure portion formed on the axis. In the distal-end-center closure portion, a distal end opening portion of the spin-formed rod is joined together and formed as an integral part. On the axis at the inner surface of the end wall portion, a recess having a rotationally symmetric shape in which the axis is the symmetric axis is formed. A thickness of the recess of the end wall portion is reduced toward the axis.

A hollow coil spring is made of a hollow wire in which a terminal sealed portion is formed on an end portion of the wire. The terminal sealed portion has a rotationally symmetric shape in which an axis passing through the center of the wire is the symmetric axis. The hollow coil spring includes an end wall portion, and an end face arc-shaped curved surface. The end wall portion includes an end face perpendicular to the axis. A distal-end-center closure portion is formed on the axis at the center of the end wall portion. A spring seat includes a base member and a sheet member. An end turn portion of the hollow coil spring is in contact with the sheet member. The end face of the end turn portion is opposed to a stopper wall of the spring seat.

There is provided a ball joint comprising a ball stud including a ball; a bearing configured to enclose and support the ball of the ball stud; a ball joint case configured to accommodate a portion of the ball stud and the bearing, the ball joint case being made of a plastic material; and a ball joint mounting case configured to accommodate the ball joint case and fastened to a suspension arm, wherein the ball joint mounting case is made of a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP).

A vehicle stabilization system including a frame; a wheel; a control arm connected to the frame and the wheel; a fluid spring connected to the frame and the control arm; a stabilizer connected to the frame and operable between a retracted and extended position; a reservoir; and a fluid manifold connected to the fluid spring and the chamber, fluidly coupling the spring interior and stabilizer chamber to the reservoir interior. A vehicle stabilization method including maintaining an orientation of the vehicle frame, coupling the frame to a support surface using a stabilizer by introducing a fluid to a chamber of the stabilizer, and retracting a wheel by reducing a quantity of fluid within a fluid spring coupling the wheel to the frame.

Provided is a coil spring manufacturing method. In the coil spring manufacturing method, a coil spring of a vehicle suspension member is immersed in a fluidized bed in which powder coat is fluidized for coating. The fluidized bed includes a vertical stream area in which the powder coat moves upward and downward. The coil spring is immersed in the vertical stream area of the fluidized bed while an end coil of the coil spring faces upward, and is periodically subjected to a relative movement with respect to a direction containing components vertical to a central axis of the coil spring in relation to the vertical stream area.

A gas spring end member is dimensioned for securement along an associated suspension member having an associated planar surface and at least an associated first side surface. The gas spring end member can include a base wall disposed transverse to a longitudinal axis and a bracket wall that extends longitudinally-outwardly from the base wall. The bracket wall can be adapted for operative connection to the associated suspension member such that the gas spring end member can be supported thereon with the base wall disposed in longitudinally spaced-apart relation to the associated planar surface of the associated suspension member. A gas spring assembly including such an end member can be included. A suspension system and a method of installation including such a gas spring assembly can also be included.

A traverse strut for use in a twist beam axle assembly is provided. The traverse strut extends along a length and presents a central section; a pair of end sections; and a pair of intermediate sections between the central section and the respective end sections. At least a portion of the central section has a first wall thickness, at least a portion of each end section has a second wall thickness that is greater than the first wall thickness and at least a portion of each intermediate section has a third wall thickness that is greater than the second wall thickness. Additionally, at least two of the central, intermediate and end sections is work hardened. The transverse strut has improved performance and lower weight as compared to other known transverse struts.