Method for venting a pneumatic system of a vehicle, pneumatic system and vehicle Method for venting a pneumatic system (1) of a vehicle, the pneumatic system (1) comprising an air compressor (4), a pneumatic circuit (2), an air pressure management system (6) in communication with the air compressor (4) and the pneumatic circuit (2), and a control unit, the method comprising: —while pressure in the pneumatic circuit (1) is less than a cut-out pressure, supplying the pneumatic circuit (2) with compressed air from the air compressor (4) operated at an operating speed through the air pressure management system (6), —once pressure in the pneumatic circuit (2) reaches the cut-out pressure, lowering pressure in the pneumatic circuit (2) to a target pressure, the air compressor (4) being operated at at least one deflating speed lower than the operating speed, the deflating speed being non null, —after pressure in the pneumatic circuit (2) has reached the cut-out pressure, releasing compressed air in the air pressure management system (6) to the outside environment.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a suspension strut for use on a work machine is provided. The suspension strut may have a forged one piece cylindrical inner housing that includes a hollow rod which forms a circumferential piston at an open end and a lower clevis at a closed end of the hollow rod. The suspension strut may further have a forged one piece cylindrical outer housing that includes a hollow barrel having an interior and an exterior surface, a closed end that forms an upper clevis, an open end, and a port on an outside surface of the hollow barrel. Further, the inner and outer housing may be coupled by a disk shaped end cap attached to the open end of the hollow barrel having an inner diameter that is slideably engaged with an outer surface of hollow rod.

An electric axle drivetrain assembly for use in a vehicle. The electric axle drivetrain assembly includes a motor that is drivingly connected to at least a portion of a differential assembly. Drivingly connected to ends of the differential assembly is a first axle half shaft and a second axle half shaft. At least a portion of a first and second wheel end assembly is connected to at least a portion of an end of the first and second axle half shafts opposite the differential assembly. A vehicle suspension system having a support member has a first hub carrier portion connected to a first end portion thereof and a second hub carrier portion connected to a second end portion thereof. Connected to at least a portion of a chassis is the motor and/or the differential assembly.

Wheel suspension has a steering knuckle support with two hole openings opposed to one another in an axial direction and form openings of a mounting hole, two axle pins spaced apart axially, extend in axial direction and engage in the mounting hole through the hole openings, and a chassis component supported at axial end portions of the axle pins to be swivelable relative to the steering knuckle. A first contact area at the hole openings has a conical inner circumferential surface. The conical inner circumferential surfaces of the first contact areas narrow in diameter toward one another in axial direction. The axle pins have a second contact area with a conical outer circumferential surface that narrow in diameter toward one another in axial direction and contact the conical inner circumferential surfaces of the first contact areas.

Gas spring end members include an end member wall with a longitudinal axis. The end member wall includes an end wall portion and an outer wall portion. The outer wall portion extends peripherally about an axis and is dimensioned to receivingly engage a flexible spring member. Rib wall portions are spaced around the axis with each of the rib wall portions projecting axially from the end wall portion toward a rib end surface portion. The rib wall portions also include a rib edge surface portion spaced inward from an inner side surface portion of the outer peripheral wall portion such that a gap is formed therebetween. Gas spring assemblies including one or more of such end members, and suspension systems including one or more of such gas spring assemblies are also included.

A damping air spring for heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension systems. The damping air spring includes a first chamber and a second chamber and at least one opening between the first chamber and second chamber to provide restricted fluid communication between the first chamber and the second chamber. An adsorptive material is disposed within the first chamber or the second chamber and works in conjunction with the at least one opening to provide damping characteristics to the air spring over a first and second critical range of frequencies.

A method for determining a tyre normal force range (F.sub.z,min, F.sub.z,max) of a tyre force (F.sub.z) acting on a vehicle (100), the method comprising; obtaining (S1) suspension data (310) associated with a suspension system of the vehicle (100); obtaining (S2) inertial measurement unit, IMU, data (320) associated with the vehicle (100); estimating (S3), by a suspension-based estimator (330) a first tyre normal force range (F.sub.z1,min, F.sub.z1,max) based on the suspension data (310); estimating (S4), by an inertial force-based estimator (340), a second tyre normal force range (F.sub.z2,min, F.sub.z2,max)based on the IMU data (320); and determining (S5) the tyre normal force range (F.sub.z,min, F.sub.z,max) based on the first tyre normal force range (F.sub.z1,min, F.sub.z2max) and on the second tyre normal force range (F.sub.z2,min, F.sub.z2,max).

Systems for estimating an axle load of a vehicle wherein axle load is estimated in response to an angle between two components of an axle. The angle may change as weight is added to or removed from the axle such that axle load may be determined as a function of the angle.

A suspension system for liftable steerable axles has at least one steering knuckle; at least one pistonless bellows air spring actuator (ie., damper air spring); and a steering axle structure that has, at each end, a kingpin housing boss, a kingpin fixed into the kingpin boss, and a pair of steering knuckles that rotate around the kingpin and are supported by the kingpin housing; wherein the steering knuckles are connected at the bottom of each other side to side by a tie rod assembly that respond to each others rotational inputs; and further having the damper air spring being connected to the steering knuckle so that, given a supplied pneumatic air force, the damper air spring stabilizes and dampens the steering road inputs when in motion.

A heavy-duty vehicle may include a vehicle frame, a plurality of rear-wheel assemblies, and a plurality of front-wheel assemblies. The wheel assemblies are mounted to the vehicle frame. Each of the front-wheel assemblies may include a rim, a spindle, a brake assembly, a motor, and a transmission assembly. The spindle may be at least partially disposed within the rim. The brake assembly may be disposed within the rim and may extend around the spindle. The motor may be disposed within the cavity in the spindle. At least a portion of the motor is disposed between first and second axial ends of the rim. The transmission assembly may be disposed within the rim. The transmission assembly may transmit rotary motion of the motor to the rim to rotate the rim relative to the spindle.