An enclosure, vehicle, and method for containing an overheating device are provided. An enclosure includes a body and a door that form a volume. The body includes is connected to a Venturi tube that is in communication with a fluid flow path flowing across an opening at an opposite end. In the event an overheating device is placed in the enclosure, a pressure sensor measures a pressure in the volume and a controller opens a first valve in a flow path through the Venturi tube so that air is pumped from the volume via the Venturi effect. The first valve is closed when the measured pressure drops below a threshold pressure. The enclosure can also include an extinguishing agent that can be expelled into the volume if a temperature sensor measures a temperature above a threshold temperature.

The present invention provides a method for preventing and extinguishing fire, the method for preventing and extinguishing fire being effective against fire caused by a pyrophoric material and a water prohibitive substance. The method for preventing and extinguishing fire of the present invention is characterized in that a fire extinguishing foam composition is supplied to a flame caused by the combustion of a pyrophoric material and a water prohibitive substance whereby the flame is suppressed or extinguished, and that a combustible material is changed to an inert substance by a hydration reaction, the combustible material being a pyrophoric material or a water prohibitive substance.

The present invention provides a method for preventing and extinguishing fire, the method for preventing and extinguishing fire being effective against fire caused by a pyrophoric material and a water prohibitive substance. The method for preventing and extinguishing fire of the present invention is characterized in that a fire extinguishing foam composition is supplied to a flame caused by the combustion of a pyrophoric material and a water prohibitive substance whereby the flame is suppressed or extinguished, and that a combustible material is changed to an inert substance by a hydration reaction, the combustible material being a pyrophoric material or a water prohibitive substance.

A fire protection sprinkler system includes a horizontal barrier that covers two adjacent racks, and the vertical flue space between the racks. The horizontal barrier is provided at a predetermined height, and has a width that is at least equal to a width of the rack, and a depth that is at least equal to a sum of a depth of the rack, a depth of the other rack, and a depth of the vertical flue space. In addition, the horizontal barrier can be a sheet having one or more apertures. The system also includes a rack level fire protection sprinkler connected to a fluid supply conduit, and being disposed in the vertical flue space below the horizontal barrier. The rack level sprinkler has a K-factor of 11.2 gpm/(psi).sup.½ or greater, and is vertically spaced from commodities stored on the rack and the other rack covered by the horizontal barrier.

A fire protection sprinkler system includes a horizontal barrier that covers two adjacent racks, and the vertical flue space between the racks. The horizontal barrier is provided at a predetermined height, and has a width that is at least equal to a width of the rack, and a depth that is at least equal to a sum of a depth of the rack, a depth of the other rack, and a depth of the vertical flue space. In addition, the horizontal barrier can be a sheet having one or more apertures. The system also includes a rack level fire protection sprinkler connected to a fluid supply conduit, and being disposed in the vertical flue space below the horizontal barrier. The rack level sprinkler has a K-factor of 11.2 gpm/(psi).sup.½ or greater, and is vertically spaced from commodities stored on the rack and the other rack covered by the horizontal barrier.

A method for suppressing a pyrophoric metal fire may include arranging a suppression system above a containment structure. The suppression system includes a first extinguishing agent. The containment structure is configured to contain and isolate a pyrophoric metal from ambient air. The suppression system is configured to activate upon a leak and ignition of the pyrophoric metal so as to release the first extinguishing agent to suppress the pyrophoric metal fire.

A method for suppressing a pyrophoric metal fire may include arranging a suppression system above a containment structure. The suppression system includes a first extinguishing agent. The containment structure is configured to contain and isolate a pyrophoric metal from ambient air. The suppression system is configured to activate upon a leak and ignition of the pyrophoric metal so as to release the first extinguishing agent to suppress the pyrophoric metal fire.

A fire suppression apparatus is described that includes a base and a lid. The base has an opening and walls defining an internal area. The base also includes a sleeve with a portion positioned in the internal area and around a perimeter of the walls, and the sleeve defines a region of the internal area for placing an object. The sleeve also has an opening for placing the object into the region. The base further has a first fire suppressing powder positioned in the internal area between the sleeve and the walls. The lid covers the opening of the base, and has a cavity, a second fire suppressing powder contained inside the cavity, and a divider positioned to cover the cavity of the lid. Methods for suppressing a fire of an object are also described.

A fire suppression apparatus is described that includes a base and a lid. The base has an opening and walls defining an internal area. The base also includes a sleeve with a portion positioned in the internal area and around a perimeter of the walls, and the sleeve defines a region of the internal area for placing an object. The sleeve also has an opening for placing the object into the region. The base further has a first fire suppressing powder positioned in the internal area between the sleeve and the walls. The lid covers the opening of the base, and has a cavity, a second fire suppressing powder contained inside the cavity, and a divider positioned to cover the cavity of the lid. Methods for suppressing a fire of an object are also described.

Horizontal immersion tube boilers include a plurality of burner nozzles positioned in substantial alignment with a respective plurality of boiler tubes. Fuel-air mixture directed through the burner nozzles are ignited by a pilot flame system positioned proximate to the burner nozzles within a combustion chamber. The burner nozzles and pilot flame system receive air from a secondary air manifold having inlets that provide secondary air into the combustion chamber. The flames extending from the burner nozzles are directed into the respective boiler tubes, which exchange heat from the flame into water within a boiler shell. The secondary air inlets direct air around the burner nozzles and toward the boiler tubes, creating an air blanket around each burner nozzle for reducing turbulence and guide the flames into their respective boiler tubes. An improved flame arrestor within the nozzle prevents flame back-flow when modulating to lower firing rates.