In some embodiments, an electric motor may include a plurality of magnetic circuit modules, where each magnetic circuit module includes a rotor having a first magnetic array and a second magnetic array extending substantially parallel with one another and spaced apart by a channel. The electric motor may further include a stator including a coil assembly configured to fit within the channel and to provide an electromagnetic force within the channel to accelerate the magnetic arrays.

In some embodiments, an apparatus may include a wheel module including a linear actuator, a piston, a drive element, and a coil. The linear actuator may include a stator and a piston configured to fit within the stator. The piston includes a plurality of permanent magnets responsive to coils of the stator to move relative to the stator. The apparatus further includes a drive element threadably coupled to an external surface of the linear actuator. The drive element includes a plurality of permanent magnets responsive to the coils of the stator to move relative to the stator. The apparatus also includes a coil configured to fit over the linear actuator.

In some embodiments, a system can include an integrated wheel module coupled to a rim of a tire and to a structure of a vehicle. The integrated wheel module can include control electronics and a power supply. The integrated wheel module may further include a plurality of electric motors, including a first motor responsive to the control electronics and configured to rotate the tire about an axis; a second motor responsive to the control electronics and configured to turn the tire about a pivot point; a third motor responsive to the control electronics and configured to continuously and dynamically adjust a camber of the tire; a fourth motor responsive to the control electronics and configured to continuously and dynamically adjust a suspension associated with the tire; and a fifth motor configured to adjust the suspension spring in accordance with the load, conditions and optimum performance desired.

In some embodiments, an apparatus may include a frame structure including a first end configured to couple to a frame of a vehicle and including a second end. The second end includes an upper attachment element and a lower attachment element. The apparatus further includes a camber housing coupled between the lower attachment element and a wheel. The camber housing includes a guide element and configured to pivot about the lower attachment element. The apparatus includes a slider coupled to the upper attachment element and configured to move along the guide element to provide a dynamically and continuously variable adjustable camber angle.

The present invention provides an electromagnetic suspension capable of suppressing interference with other components and devices, being mounted in a narrow space, and having a small thrust pulsation, a large thrust, and a high damping performance even for a high-frequency vibration source. An electromagnetic suspension of the present invention includes a linear motor that includes an armature and a permanent magnet portion, the armature including a winding and a magnetic body, the permanent magnet portion being disposed on an outer periphery of the armature and including a permanent magnet and a cylindrical magnetic body, and the armature and the permanent magnet portion being relatively linearly driven in the linear motor, in which a recess recessed from an outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical magnetic body and a protrusion protruding from the outer peripheral portion are disposed on the same circumference of the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical magnetic body.