A powertrain for a vehicle comprising includes an internal combustion engine and a transfer case. The transfer case includes a primary output shaft, an electric motor, and a planetary gear set. The primary output shaft receives engine torque from the internal combustion engine. The electric motor includes a rotor and a stator. The planetary gear set includes a sun gear rotatably fixed to the rotor, a ring gear, planet gears arranged radially between and engaging the sun gear and the ring gear, and a planet carrier coupled to the planet gears and rotatably fixed to the primary output shaft. The ring gear is selectively groundable for selectively transferring torque between the electric motor and the primary output shaft.

A vehicle driveline including a first axle assembly having a first drive ratio. A second axle assembly in selective driving engagement with the first axle assembly, the first and second axle assemblies having a second drive ratio when in driving engagement. A control system in electrical communication with the first and second axle assemblies, wherein the control system selectively engages the second axle assembly with the first axle assembly.

An electric delivery truck control system is disclosed. Sensors detect hub motor parameters associated with the hub motors. An electric delivery truck control unit detects electric delivery truck control inputs associated with an operation of the electric delivery truck. The electric delivery truck control inputs are generated from an operation of the electric delivery truck. An operation parameter controller automatically adjusts a torque level applied by each hub motor of the electric delivery truck to be within a hub motor operation threshold based on the hub motor parameters thereby enabling each hub motor to operate at an operation torque level as requested from the operation of the electric delivery truck. The operation parameter controller maintains the torque level applied by each hub motor within a current limit allowed by a battery management unit of the electric delivery truck and a torque limit allowed by each hub motor.

An all-terrain vehicle includes a frame including a front frame part and a separate rear frame part connected to the front frame part via frame joints. A surface is supported by one of the front frame part and the rear frame part. An engine is supported by the rear frame part and is positioned behind the seating surface. Front wheels operably coupled to the front frame part are drivingly coupled to the engine via a front drive unit. Rear wheels operably coupled to the rear frame part are drivingly coupled to the engine via a rear drive unit. A brake system is mounted to the frame and includes front wheel brakes and rear wheel brakes. The brake system further includes a brake modulator and a master brake cylinder operably connected to the brake modulator. The brake modulator is mounted to the front frame part.

A control device for a vehicle includes a controller configured to cause a transition of distribution of driving forces of front wheels and rear wheels, from first distribution to second distribution at a predetermined time change rate, until the vehicle arrives at a point of change. The point of change is a point at which a friction coefficient of a road surface changes frontward of the vehicle.

A method and a corresponding controller for the four-wheel drive of a motor vehicle are described, consisting of a clutch (AK) disposed in the drive train between a primary axle and a secondary axle (VA, HA) of the four-wheel drive, by means of which the drive torque of a primary axle (KHA, HA) driven by an engine (VKM, SG) can be distributed to a secondary axle (KVA, VA), wherein the controller (S) has a signal connection to the clutch (AK) and to sensors recording the revolution rates of at least one wheel of the primary axle (HA) and one wheel of the secondary axle (VA) and the clutch (AK) is controlled by means of the controller (S) below a specified torque such that a significantly reduced transfer of torque to the secondary axle (VA) is carried out.

A transaxle may include an input shaft including a first shaft and a second shaft; and a torque limiter including an input unit and connected to the other end of the first shaft so as to be relatively non-rotatable, a driven unit connected to a second end of the second shaft so as to be relatively non-rotatable, and a region transmitting a torque between the input unit and the driven unit while limiting the torque to a predetermined value or less. By connecting the input unit and the driven unit of the torque limiter with a one-way clutch, the second shaft is rotatable relative to the first shaft when a rotation direction of the first shaft is a first direction, and the second shaft is non-rotatable relative to the first shaft when the rotation direction is a second direction opposite to the first direction.

An integrated pinion shaft and constant velocity joint (PS/CVJ) assembly for use in motor vehicle driveline applications to transfer torque between a propshaft and a ring gear. The PS/CVJ assembly includes a pinion shaft having a pinion gear segment meshed with the ring gear and a hollow pinion shaft segment. The PS/CVJ assembly also includes a constant velocity joint having an inner race coupled to the propshaft and an outer race integral with or fixed to an end portion of the pinion shaft segment.

A driving force distribution apparatus includes an orthogonal gear pair constituted by a pinion gear shaft and a ring gear member, a casing that houses the orthogonal gear pair, an intermediate rotational member coaxially rotatable relative to the ring gear member, a clutch member configured to couple the ring gear member and the intermediate rotational member to each other, and first and second driving force adjustment mechanisms configured to adjust a driving force to be transmitted from the intermediate rotational member to first and second output rotational members. The ring gear member has a ring gear portion and a tubular portion. At two positions between which the ring gear portion is interposed in an axial direction, the tubular portion) is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings.

An AWD-vehicle control device includes a transfer clutch that adjusts a driving force, a detector that detects a steering angle of a steering wheel, a detector that detects an accelerator pedal opening, a detector that detects a vehicle speed, a detector that detects an engine revolution speed, a detector that detects a turbine revolution speed of a torque converter, and a transfer clutch controller that adjusts hydraulic pressure supplied to the transfer clutch and controls a coupling force of the transfer clutch. If a predetermined period has passed from the accelerator pedal opening becoming less than a predetermined opening, the vehicle speed is within a predetermined range, a deviation between the engine and turbine revolution speeds is less than a predetermined speed, and the steering angle is equal to a first predetermined angle or greater, the transfer clutch controller controls the hydraulic pressure to reduce the coupling force.